Table 1.

Types of infections in critical care units

Infections	Commonly attributed microorganisms
Community-acquired infections3
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)4	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae.
Urinary tract infection (UTI)	Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus species, non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB).
Sepsis/bloodstream infections (BSI)	Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), NFGNB.
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI)	Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Enterobacteriaceae, NFGNB, Candida, Zygomycetes.
Gastrointestinal infections	Enterobacteriaceae (coliforms), Enterococcus sp., anaerobes, Candida, NFGNB.
Community-acquired meningitis	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, H. influenzae, Meningococcus.
Healthcare-associated infections3
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP)	E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)	Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp., Enterococci, Candida species.
Central line-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI)	Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacteriaceae, NFGNB.
Surgical site infections (SSI)	Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, NFGNB.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea	Clostridioides difficile (old name: Clostridium difficile. Nomenclature changed in 2016)