Table 1. Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Patients in 2001-2006, No. (%) | P valuea | Patients in 2011-2015, No. (%) | P valueb | P for interaction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 6765) | Western (n = 1173) | Central (n = 1329) | Eastern (n = 4263) | Overall (n = 20 281) | Western (n = 4403) | Central (n = 5227) | Eastern (n = 10 651) | ||||
| Demographic | |||||||||||
| Age (range), y | 66 (56-73) | 65 (55-73) | 65 (54-73) | 67 (56-74) | <.001 | 66 (56-73) | 67 (56-75) | 65 (56-75) | 67 (57-76) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Female sex | 2010 (29.7) | 322 (27.5) | 361 (27.2) | 1327 (31.1) | .004 | 6328 (31.2) | 1303 (29.6) | 1543 (29.5) | 3482 (32.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| CVD risk factor | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 3142 (46.4) | 479 (40.8) | 552 (41.5) | 2111 (49.5) | <.001 | 11 019 (54.3) | 2218 (50.4) | 2618 (50.1) | 6183 (58.1) | <.001 | .59 |
| Diabetes | 1014 (15.0) | 142 (12.1) | 153 (11.5) | 719 (16.9) | <.001 | 4136 (20.4) | 763 (17.3) | 865 (16.6) | 2508 (23.6) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 249 (3.7) | 42 (3.6) | 28 (2.1) | 179 (4.2) | .002 | 1450 (7.1) | 242 (5.5) | 286 (5.5) | 922 (8.7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Current smoker | 2096 (31.0) | 381 (32.5) | 404 (30.4) | 1311 (30.8) | .46 | 6735 (33.2) | 1437 (32.6) | 1649 (31.6) | 3649 (34.3) | .002 | <.001 |
| Medical history | |||||||||||
| Ischemic stroke | 621 (9.2) | 67 (5.7) | 108 (8.1) | 446 (10.5) | <.001 | 2364 (11.7) | 428 (9.7) | 527 (10.1) | 1409 (13.2) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 1500 (22.2) | 212 (18.1) | 253 (19.0) | 1035 (24.3) | <.001 | 5015 (24.7) | 926 (21.0) | 1288 (24.6) | 2801 (26.3) | <.001 | .004 |
| Myocardial infarction | 665 (9.8) | 90 (7.7) | 107 (8.1) | 468 (11.0) | <.001 | 2034 (10.0) | 389 (8.8) | 453 (8.7) | 1192 (11.2) | <.001 | .54 |
| Clinical characteristic at presentation | |||||||||||
| No chest discomfort | 559 (8.3) | 92 (7.8) | 120 (9.0) | 347 (8.1) | .50 | 1961 (9.7) | 502 (11.4) | 439 (8.4) | 1020 (9.6) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LBBB | 128 (1.9) | 29 (2.5) | 33 (2.5) | 66 (1.6) | .03 | 254 (1.3) | 64 (1.5) | 58 (1.1) | 132 (1.2) | .31 | <.001 |
| Cardiac arrest | 79 (1.2) | 15 (1.3) | 13 (1.0) | 51 (1.2) | .75 | 260 (1.3) | 52 (1.2) | 55 (1.1) | 153 (1.4) | .10 | <.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 377 (5.6) | 81 (6.9) | 73 (5.5) | 223 (5.2) | .09 | 1296 (6.4) | 284 (6.5) | 334 (6.4) | 678 (6.4) | .98 | <.001 |
| Acute stroke | 93 (1.4) | 14 (1.2) | 15 (1.1) | 64 (1.5) | .50 | 508 (2.5) | 121 (2.8) | 152 (2.9) | 235 (2.2) | .02 | <.001 |
| Kidney dysfunctionc,d | 2228 (41.9) | 440 (45.1) | 366 (41.5) | 1422 (41.2) | .09 | 6159 (33.7) | 1478 (36.5) | 1604 (34.6) | 3077 (32.1) | <.001 | <.001 |
| HR >90 beats/min | 1620 (23.9) | 275 (23.4) | 326 (24.5) | 1019 (23.9) | .81 | 4777 (23.6) | 1052 (23.9) | 1237 (23.7) | 2488 (23.4) | .76 | <.001 |
| SBP <100 mm Hg | 912 (13.5) | 163 (13.9) | 202 (15.2) | 547 (12.8) | .08 | 1992 (9.8) | 539 (12.2) | 581 (11.1) | 872 (8.2) | <.001 | <.001 |
| White blood cell countd | |||||||||||
| 6000-12 000/μL | 3540 (64.3) | 631 (63.5) | 616 (61.1) | 2293 (65.4) | .04 | 11 868 (64.6) | 2583 (63.7) | 2960 (63.0) | 6325 (65.8) | .002 | <.001 |
| >12 000/μL | 1384 (25.1) | 262 (26.4) | 263 (26.1) | 859 (24.5) | .35 | 4342 (23.6) | 1023 (25.2) | 1145 (24.4) | 2174 (22.6) | .002 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; HR, heart rate; LBBB, left bundle branch block; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
SI conversion factors: To convert white blood cell count to ×109/L, multiply by 0.001.
a
Test for difference among the Western, Central, and Eastern regions in 2001-2006.
b
Test for difference among the Western, Central, and Eastern regions in 2011-2015.
c
Kidney dysfunction was defined as serum creatinine >1.13 mg/dL (to convert to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4) or blood urea nitrogen >22.4 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.357).
d
Percentages were calculated among patients with available measurements.