Table 1.
Changes in biomarkers of exercise-induced muscular damage (n = 6).
| Baseline | At 24-hour follow-up | P ∗ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRW | Control water | |||
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 343 ± 309 | 357 ± 189 | 465 ± 295† | 0.04 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 197 ± 36 | 188 ± 39 | 195 ± 38 | 0.74 |
| Aldolase (U/L) | 4.9 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 5.7 ± 2.4† | 0.61 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 27.5 ± 6.2 | 30.0 ± 8.0 | 32.3 ± 7.8† | 0.58 |
| Troponin I (mg/ml) | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.99 |
| Myoglobin (μg/L) | 53.5 ± 20.9 | 47.1 ± 21.8 | 43.5 ± 21.3 | 0.51 |
| White blood cell count (109/L) | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 0.58 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 0.74 |
Asterisk (∗) indicates P values from two-way ANOVA time x intervention for repeated measures (hydrogen-rich water (HRW) vs. control bath); †sign indicates a significant difference between baseline vs. follow-up values at P < 0.05 for each intervention. Values are mean ± SD.