Figure 5.

GPA blocked NLRP3 activation by inhibiting ROS production. THP-1 cells were primed with LPS for 4h, followed by GPA or NAC treatment 6 h before stimulation with ATP for 30 min. Levels of the ROS was measured in THP-1 cells (A). Quantitative real-time PCR analyzed of mtDNA in THP-1 cells (B). Immunoblot analyzed of IL-1β in supernatants and cell lysate of THP-1 cells (C). IL-1β in supernatants of THP-1 cells was detected by ELISA (D). Immunoblot analyzed of mitochondrial components of NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 cells (E). THP-1 cells were primed with LPS for 4h, followed by GPA treatment 6 h before stimulation with H₂O₂ for 4 h, IL-1β in supernatants of THP-1 cells was detected by ELISA (F). Data are presented as mean ± SD, three independent experiments. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01 and ^***p < 0.001.