Table 3.

Multiple linear regression analysis of relationship between serum GDF-15 level and clinical parameters in healthy older females.

A: Multiple linear regression analysis of GDF-15 and clinical data
Dependent variable: log (GDF-15)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Independent variable	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)
eGFR (log)	−0.518 (<0.001)***	−0.453 (<0.001)***	−0.423 (<0.001)***
SMI	−0.023 (0.858)	0.101 (0.435)	0.005 (0.972)
Walking speed	−0.060 (0.589)	0.070 (0.553)	0.087 (0.463)
Hand-grip strength	−0.167 (0.160)	−0.123 (0.279)	−0.092 (0.431)
Hb	−0.245 (0.044)*	−0.323 (0.007)**	−0.363 (0.004)**
Alb (log)	−0.012 (0.910)	−0.008 (0.941)	−0.002 (0.987)
B: Multiple linear regression analysis of eGFR and clinical data
Dependent variable: log (eGFR)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Independent variable	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)
GDF-15 (log)	−0.523 (<0.001)***	−0.515 (<0.001)***	−0.479 (<0.001)***
SMI	−0.113 (0.373)	−0.121 (0.379)	−0.007 (0.968)
Walking speed	0.229 (0.039)*	0.220 (0.075)	0.192 (0.124)
Hand-grip strength	−0.227 (0.056)	−0.228 (0.057)	−0.256 (0.036)*
Hb	−0.031 (0.804)	−0.024 (0.860)	0.032 (0.820)
Alb (log)	0.019 (0.865)	0.018 (0.868)	0.011 (0.920)
C: Multiple linear regression analysis of Hb and clinical data
Dependent variable: Hb
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Independent variable	β-value (p)	β-value (p)	β-value (p)
GDF-15 (log)	−0.284 (0.044)*	−0.374 (0.007)**	−0.380 (0.004)**
SMI	0.386 (0.003)**	0.474 (<0.001)***	0.194 (0.226)
Walking speed	−0.035 (0.772)	−0.103 (0.412)	−0.137 (0.256)
Hand-grip strength	−0.008 (0.952)	0.020 (0.868)	0.087 (0.468)
eGFR (log)	−0.035 (0.804)	−0.024 (0.860)	0.030 (0.820)
Alb (log)	0.144 (0.217)	0.131 (0.237)	0.130 (0.217)

Model 1, unadjusted; Model 2, adjusted by age; Model 3, adjusted by age and BMI.