Table 4.

Individual amino acids, total BCAA, total EAA, and total amino acid concentration maximum (C_Max, µmol/L)

Amino Acid	MPC		MPC + BC30		MPC + BC30 vs. MPC
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p value (t-test)	% Difference	ES (d)	95% CI
Arginine	105	25	121	24	0.008	15.0	0.63	(− 26.9, − 4.5)
Glutamine	688	65	701	81	0.373	1.9	0.18	(− 43.0, 16.6)
Citrulline	43	12	44	8	0.833	0.9	0.04	(− 3.5, 2.8)
Serine	131	21	141	25	0.008	7.8	0.44	(− 17.6, − 2.8)
Asparagine	131	21	106	23	0.561	− 2.8	− 0.12	(− 7.4, 13.4)
Glycine	261	61	277	23	0.049	6.3	0.24	(− 32.8, − 0.04)
Threonine	172	33	177	34	0.476	2.7	0.14	(− 17.7, 8.4)
Alanine	416	99	441	92	0.076	6.2	0.27	(− 54.7, 2.9)
Ornithine	78	16	88	21	0.016	12.6	0.53	(− 17.7, − 2.0)
Methionine	42	7	45	6	0.039	7.1	0.44	(− 5.8, − 0.2)
Proline	314	64	331	56	0.163	5.6	0.29	(− 42.7, 7.5)
Lysine	272	40	288	51	0.056	5.9	0.35	(− 32.5, 0.4)
Aspartic acid	6.3	2.3	7.4	5.2	0.302	17.5	0.27	(− 3.3, 1.1)
Histidine	97	12	98	10	0.348	1.9	0.16	(− 5.6, 2.1)
Valine	462	64	493	101	0.057	6.7	0.37	(− 62.9, 1.0)
Glutamic acid	46	16	54	22	0.021	17.8	0.43	(− 14.9, − 1.3)
Tryptophan	122	25	130	33	0.34	6.0	0.25	(− 22.0, 7.3)
Leucine	275	41	297	62	0.038	8.1	0.42	(− 43.3, − 1.3)
Phenylalanine	89	16	95	13	0.030	7.0	0.42	(− 11.6, − 0.6)
Isoleucine	142	20	154	30	0.042	8.1	0.45	(− 22.6, − 0.4)
Cysteine	21	8	23	9	0.372	9.7	0.23	(− 6.4, 2.5)
Tyrosine	111	18	121	25	0.024	8.8	0.44	(− 18.4, − 1.4)
Total BCAA	882	119	942	186	0.055	6.8	0.38	(− 121, 1.3)
Total EAA	1490	170	1589	248	0.020	6.6	0.47	(− 182, − 17)
Total Amino Acids	3769	775	4042	455	0.003	6.1	0.61	(− 390, − 90)

Data provided is means ± SD. Italic-face font = between-group difference (p < 0.05). C_Max = Maximum observed concentration (in μmol/L) for each condition for each participant who completed study trial