Table 2.
Cognitive Performance, clinical characteristics and glycemic control data of the study sample. MHAS 2012
| Cognitive Performance | Total | Low ≤44.0 |
Intermediate 44.1–59.52 |
High ≥59.53 |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD)/nn/SD (%) | n = 216 | n = 76 | n = 68 | n = 72 | |
| Age | 68.11 (6.48) | 69.75 (6.66)a | 68.66 (6.93) | 65.86 (5.18) | .001* |
| Female | 125 (57.9%) | 49 (64.5%) | 36 (52.9%) | 40 (55.6%) | .337 |
| Education level | 4.72 (3.96) | 2.57 (2.67)ab | 4.25 (3.27) | 7.44 (4.15) | .000* |
| Smoking history | 21 (9.7%) | 7 (9.2%) | 6 (8.8%) | 8 (11.1%) | .887 |
| Alcoholism | 39 (18.1%) | 8 (10.5%)a | 19 (27.9%) | 12 (16.7%) | .023* |
| Hypertension | 149 (69.0%) | 54 (71.1%) | 49 (72.1%) | 46 (63.9%) | .519 |
| CVD | 4 (1.9%) | 3 (3.9%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | .199 |
| Obesity | 87 (40.3%) | 27 (35.5%) | 28 (41.2%) | 32 (44.4%) | .537 |
| Depressive Symptoms | 4.76 (1.97) | 5.04 (1.91) | 4.81 (2.08) | 4.43 (1.89) | .166 |
| IHD | 17 (7.9%) | 5 (6.6%) | 7 (10.3%) | 5 (6.9%) | .670 |
| Systolic Pressure | 144.67 (21.72) | 145.54 (22.83) | 147.68 (21.83) | 140.93 (20.10) | .169 |
| Diastolic Pressure | 77.67 (12.20) | 76.68 (12.97) | 79.75 (12.46) | 76.75 (10.96) | .237 |
| Heart Rate | 76.71 (12.16) | 76.28 (12.67) | 78.90 (12.75) | 75.10 (10.85) | .169 |
| PCR | 4.68 (7.20) | 4.78 (7.28) | 4.98 (8.54) | 4.30 (5.68) | .854 |
| Total Cholesterol | 192.64 (41.88) | 194.16 (37.94) | 196.46 (55.01) | 187.50 (29.13) | .431 |
| HDL | 38.38 (8.81) | 36.86 (8.12) | 38.60 (9.28) | 39.74 (8.93) | .144 |
| TSH | 3.35 (8.38) | 3.64 (11.59) | 4.14 (8.35) | 2.31 (1.95) | .416 |
| Vitamin D | 21.13 (6.83) | 20.85 (7.40) | 20.94 (6.40) | 21.60 (6.67) | .779 |
| Glycemic Control | |||||
|
Poor HbA1c ≥ 8% |
103 (47.7%) | 41 (54.0%) | 36 (52.9%) | 26 (36.1%) | .166 |
|
Standard HbA1c 7.0–7.9% |
46 (21.3%) | 13 (17.1%) | 15 (22.1%) | 18 (25%) | |
|
Intensive HbA1c < 7.0% |
67 (31.0%) | 22 (28.9%) | 17 (25%) | 28 (38.9%) | |
Data are presented as means or percentage, ANOVA analysis was performed. CVD Cerebrovascular Disease, IHD Isquemic Heart Disease, PCR Reactive protein-C, HDL High density cholesterol, TSH Stimulating thyroid hormone, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, SD Standard Deviation. *p ≤ 0.05. Post-hoc DSM ap < 0.001 Low vs High cognitive performance; bp < 0.001 Low vs Intermediate cognitive performance