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. 2020 Oct 23;11:5375. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19252-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Direct and indirect pathways through which biodiversity, asynchrony, and stability at multiple spatial scales determines gamma stability under a unmanipulated control or b fertilized condition. Boxes represent measured variables and arrows represent relationships among variables. Numbers next to the arrows are averaged effect sizes as standardized path coefficients. Solid green and purple arrows represent significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive and negative coefficients, respectively, and dashed green and purple arrows represent nonsignificant coefficients. Widths of paths are scaled by standardized path coefficients. Percentages next to endogenous variables indicate the range of variance explained by the model (R²) across period of experimental duration.