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. 2020 Oct 24;11(10):910. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-03093-6

Fig. 5. BMAA causes morphometric alterations in neurons derived from hippocampal neural stem cells but not in primary neurons.

Fig. 5

The effects on BMAA treatment with 50 µM to 3 mM BMAA was investigated directly after 24 h exposure of primary neurons, while the neural stem cells were allowed to differentiate for 7 days after the exposure. Representative images of cells immunostained with anti-β III-tubulin (green), anti-MAP2 (red), and DAPI (blue) are shown (Primary neurons, A; Exposed neural stem cells, B). Morphometric analysis was conducted using an ImageXpress Micro XLS Widefield HCA System (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale CA, USA), where images were automatically captured and analyzed with the MetaXpress Software. Neurite length (C, D), the number of processes per cell (E, F), the number of branches per cell (G, H), and the cell body area (I, J) were determined. Values represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments, each with five to six replicates. Statistically significant differences from control are indicated as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer test). Scale bar = 50 µm.