Table 1.

Autophagy inducers for improving cancer

Compound	Target or mode of action	Cancer types	References
Rapamycin	mTOR	MCF-7 Breast Cancer, B16 melanoma, Panic-1 pancreatic carcinoma	Busca et al., 1996; Grewe et al., 1999; Chang et al., 2007
Everolimus	mTOR	Lymphoblastic B cells	Neri et al., 2014
Temsirolimus (CCI-779)	mTOR	Adenoid cystic carcinoma	Liu et al., 2014
Metformin	AMPK	Prostate cancer cells, myeloma	Sesen et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2018; Mishra and Dingli, 2019
Perifosine	Akt	Multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma cells	Li et al., 2010, 2011; Richardson et al., 2012
Ibrutinib	Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)	Skin cancer cell lines, HS-4 and A431	Sun et al., 2018
Suberoylanilidehydroxamic acid (SAHA)	Histone deacetylase (HDAC), mTOR	Cutaneous T cell lymphoma, glioblastoma stem cells	Gammoh et al., 2012; Chiao et al., 2013
Magnolin	LIF/Stat-3/Mcl-1	Colorectal cancer cells	Yu et al., 2018
Resveratrol	SIRT1	Prostate cancer cells, MCF-7 cells	El-Mowafy and Alkhalaf, 2003; Li et al., 2014
Spermidine	AMPK	Colon cancer cells	Morselli et al., 2011