Table 7.

The association between change in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and new-onset diabetes

ALP, IU/L	N	No. of events (%)	Crude model		Adjusted model*
			OR (95% CI)	P value‡	OR (95% CI)	P value‡
Persistently low levels†	6087	549 (9.0)	1.00 (ref.)		1.00 (ref.)
Decreased levels	2744	237 (8.6)	0.95 (0.81,1.12)	0.559	0.96 (0.81,1.14)	0.653
Increased levels	993	162 (16.3)	1.97 (1.63,2.38)	< 0.001	1.97 (1.61,2.42)	< 0.001
Persistently high levels	4511	569 (12.6)	1.46 (1.29,1.65)	< 0.001	1.57 (1.36,1.81)	< 0.001

ALP serum alkaline phosphatase, CI confidence interval, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GGT gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, OR odds ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure

*Adjusted for age, sex, study center, treatment group, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol drinking, family history of diabetes, SBP, fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), eGFR, folate, total homocysteine and the use of antihypertensive drugs at baseline, as well as time-averaged SBP during the treatment period

^†We categorized the participants into four groups according to median of baseline serum ALP (96 IU/L): persistently low ALP levels (< 96 IU/L at both baseline and exit visit), persistently high ALP levels (≥ 96 IU/L at both baseline and exit visit), decreased ALP levels (≥ 96 IU/L at baseline and < 96 IU/L at exit visit), and increased ALP levels (< 96 IU/L at baseline and ≥ 96 IU/L at exit visit)

^‡In comparison with persistently low ALP levels