Table 1.
COVID-19 positive versus negative for COVID-19 from March to April 2020.
| Variables | COVID-19 negative (n = 23) | COVID-19 positive (n = 13) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age-yr., mean (SD) | 68.3 (13.69) | 63 (11.87) | 0.247# |
| Male sex, n (%) | 13 (56.5) | 5 (38.5) | 0.298 |
| Race | |||
| White, n (%) | 7 (30.4) | 1 (7.7) | 0.445 |
| African American, n (%) | 7 (30.4) | 5 (38.5) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 7 (30.4) | 6 (46.2) | |
| Other, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (7.7) | |
| Vascular risk factors | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 18 (78.3) | 9 (69.2) | 0.548 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 12 (52.2) | 5 (38.5) | 0.429 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 8 (34.8) | 6 (46.2) | 0.501 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 4 (17.4) | 2 (15.4) | 0.877 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 3 (13) | 0 (0) | 0.174# |
| Smoking, n (%) | 3 (13) | 3 (23.1) | 0.646 |
| Clinical presentation† | |||
| mRS baseline, median (IQR) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.494 |
| NIHSS on admission, median (IQR) | 16 (12–20) | 16 (14–20) | 0.871 |
| ASPECTS on admission, median (IQR) | 7 (4–8) | 6 (3–8) | 0.960 |
| Laboratory values on admission‡ | |||
| White blood cell-count, median (IQR) per mm3 | 8.4 (6.4–11.3) | 7.4 (5.2–9.4) | 0.379 |
| Platelet-count, median (IQR) k per mm3 | 212 (188–249) | 249 (178–306) | 0.239 |
| Prothrombin time, median (IQR) sec | 13.9 (13.2–15.1) | 14.3 (13.6–15.6) | 0.345 |
| D-dimer, median (IQR) ng/ml | 1.51 (.50–8.07) | 20 (3.5–20) | 0.055 |
| Fibrinogen, median (IQR) | 449 (388–578.5) | 384 (198–561) | 0.610 |
| Ferritin, median (IQR) | 593.5 (339–679) | 1150 (640–2309) | 0.260 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, median (IQR) | 15 (11–18) | 12 (10–24) | 0.770 |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) | 1.00 (.80–1.2) | .70 (.60–.90) | 0.013 |
| Location of occlusion | |||
| Right MCA, n (%) | 6 (26.1) | 4 (30.8) | 0.947 |
| Left MCA, n (%) | 10 (43.5) | 5 (38.5) | 0.695 |
| Right ICA (with carotid T), n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 1 (7.7) | 0.626 |
| Left ICA (with carotid T), n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 1 (7.7) | 0.626 |
| Right ICA, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (15.4) | 0.355 |
| Left ICA, n (%) | 4 (17.4) | 1 (7.7) | 0.657 |
| Basilar, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0.366 |
| Other LVO (ACA, PCA, Vertebral) | 3 (13) | 2 (15.4) | 0.606 |
| Treatment information¶ | |||
| Thrombolysis IV, n (%) | 3 (13) | 5 (38.5) | 0.078 |
| Thrombectomy, n (%) | 9 (39.1) | 3 (23.1) | 0.326 |
| Time points | |||
| Emergency patients | |||
| Onset to first hospital, mins, median (IQR) | 342 (149–988) | 870 (161–1560) | 0.621 |
| Onset to our institution, mins, median (IQR) | 604 (303–1160) | 579 (124–1707) | 0.655 |
| >6hs from onset to door, n (%) | 15 (65.2) | 3 (50) | 0.494 |
| Thrombectomy patients | |||
| Door to groin, mins, median (IQR) | 84 (68–110) | 99 (69–126) | 0.797 |
| Groin to recanalization, mins, median (IQR) | 38 (33–56) | 60 (31–68) | 0.727 |
| TICI score ≥2b, n (%) | 8 (88.9) | 2 (66.7) | 0.371 |
| Day 1 NIHSS, median (IQR) | 13 (8–21) | 4 (1–18) | 0.060 |
| Outcomes# | |||
| Hemorrhagic transformation, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (20) | 0.151 |
| Good outcomes (mRS 0-2), n (%) | 4 (19) | 3 (27.3) | 0.001 |
| Poor outcomes (mRS 3-5), n (%) | 15 (71.4) | 1 (9.1) | |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 7 (63.6) | |
|
Logistic regression |
Poor outcomes at discharge (mRS 3-5) |
In-hospital mortality |
|
| COVID-19 negative (reference) | Unadjusted OR [95% CI] P value | ||
| COVID-19 positive | .089 [.007–1.102] p = 0.060 | 16.63 [2.47-111.79] p = 0.004 | |
|
Multivariate Logistic regression |
In-hospital mortality |
||
| COVID-19 negative (reference) | Adjusted OR [95% CI] P value | ||
| COVID-19 positive | 15.13 [2.08–110.05] p = 0.007 | ||
*Included in multivariate logistic regression.
†Excluded for posterior circulation: ASPECTS 1/36 (2.8%).
‡Missing data: D-dimer 18/36 (50%), Fibrinogen 26/36 (72.2%), Ferritin 23/36 (68.9%), Prothrombin time 2/36 (5.6%).
#Missing data: discharge mRS 4/36 (11.1%).
¶Missing data: Onset to first hospital 5/30 (16.7%), Onset to our institution 1/30 (3.3%).