Table I.
Screening and olfactory testing methods used in COVID-19 positive patients.
| Patients complaining of or with smell alterations | Verbal questionnaire | Online questionnaire | Telephone interview | Smart-phone app | UPSIT | Sniffin’ sticks | Nez du vin | Simple odourants | CCCRC | PROMS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mao 3 | 11 | X | |||||||||
| Hopkins 5 | 2,428# | X | |||||||||
| Lee 7 | 389 | X | |||||||||
| Lechien 11 | 357 | X | |||||||||
| Lechien 12 | 997 | X | X## | ||||||||
| Bénézit 13 | 95 | X | |||||||||
| Kaye 14 | 237 | X | |||||||||
| Menni 16 | 4,668 | X* | |||||||||
| Beltrán-Corbellini 17 | 25 | X | |||||||||
| Yan 18 | 40 | X | X | ||||||||
| Wee 19 | 35 | X | |||||||||
| Yan 20 | 75 | X° | X° | X° | |||||||
| Giacomelli 22 | 31 | X | |||||||||
| Klopfenstein 23 | 54 | X | |||||||||
| Spinato 24 | 130 | X | X | ||||||||
| Eliezer 25 | 1 | X^ | |||||||||
| Ottaviano 26 | 6 | X§ | X | ||||||||
| Lechien 27 | 78 | X | X^^ | ||||||||
| Moein 28 | 59 | X** | |||||||||
| Vaira 29 | 72 | X*** | X | ||||||||
| Heidari 8 | 23 | X | |||||||||
| Clemency 9 | 110 | X | |||||||||
| Gudbjartsson 10 | 119°° | X |
* COVID-19 symptom tracking. Android and IOS app
** Persian version of the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
*** Not clear if questionnaire or telephone interview
^ Smell test with 5 odourants: flower rose, caramel, goat cheese, fruits, manure
^^ Sniffin sticks 16 odours identification sub-test only in 46
§ Identification test (6 odours)
# Lack of confirmed COVID-19 status in most of the cases
## In cases of patient isolation
° Data obtained by electronic medical records. If data were not available, patients were either emailed or called
°° Loss of smell and taste were reported together.