Table 2. Description of different parameters within villi of patients with gestational diabetes.

Abbreviation: GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation

	Diabetic (GDM) Villi
Parameter	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Median	25th percentile	75th percentile
The placental barrier thickness (µ)	7.4	224.4	95.0	58.7	88.1	49.6	128.3
The number of Hofbauer cells	1.0	5.0	2.6	1.1	2.5	2.0	3.0
The surface area of the blood vessels (μ2)	11734.6	164600.4	49516.8	40256.5	31913.9	24663.6	63067.3
The perimeters of the blood vessels (µ)	417.7	1777.7	871.5	382.0	739.2	615.7	990.5
The number of the blood vessels	1.0	12.0	2.8	2.3	2.0	1.0	3.0
The surface area of the villous (μ2)	202812.6	2755335.7	1034807.5	478874.7	982653.4	703312.1	1257059.7
The placental barrier thickness/perimeters of the villous blood vessels ratio	0.000016	0.000232	0.000094	0.000055	0.000084	0.000054	0.000136
The placental barrier thickness/surface area of the blood vessels ratio	0.000138	0.012986	0.003362	0.002987	0.002163	0.000845	0.005199
The number of Hofbauer cells/surface area of the villous ratio	0.007969	0.392490	0.062962	0.074058	0.033412	0.022665	0.061652
The number of the blood vessels/surface area of the villous ratio	0.000001	0.000007	0.000003	0.000001	0.000002	0.000002	0.000003
The surface area of the blood vessels/surface area of the villous ratio	0.007969	0.392490	0.062962	0.074058	0.033412	0.022665	0.061652
The perimeters of the blood vessels/surface area of the villous ratio	0.000233	0.005736	0.001114	0.001072	0.000767	0.000557	0.001179