Table 4.

Adjusted ORs for Hearing Loss, Hearing Aid Use, and Health Outcomes.

Outcomea	Unaided mild hearing loss OR (95% CI)	Aided mild hearing loss OR (95% CI)	Unaided severe hearing loss OR (95% CI)	Aided severe hearing loss OR (95% CI)
Poor-fair self-rated health	1.14 [1.00, 1.31]	0.81 [0.58, 1.13]	1.63 [1.39, 1.90]	1.11 [0.94, 1.31]
PHQ-2 depressionb	1.35 [1.15, 1.58]	0.89 [0.61, 1.30]	1.90 [1.59, 2.26]	1.39 [1.16, 1.67]
Depressionc	1.19 [1.04, 1.35]	1.11 [0.83, 1.49]	1.26 [1.06, 1.49]	1.34 [1.14, 1.57]
Memory loss	1.04 [0.77, 1.39]	1.15 [0.66, 2.01]	1.80 [1.34, 2.41]	1.85 [1.40, 2.45]
Low social support	1.14 [0.99, 1.31]	1.23 [0.94, 1.61]	1.47 [1.24, 1.75]	1.29 [1.10, 1.52]
Lonely women	1.51 [1.35, 1.68]	1.49 [1.17, 1.91]	1.35 [1.16, 1.58]	1.57 [1.36, 1.81]
Lonely men	1.18 [1.03, 1.35]	1.28 [1.01, 1.62]	1.19 [1.01, 1.41]	1.19 [1.02, 1.38]
Stays at home	1.07 [0.93, 1.24]	0.82 [0.60, 1.12]	1.48 [1.26, 1.75]	0.97 [0.83, 1.15]
Mobility limitations	1.47 [1.34, 1.61]	1.23 [1.02, 1.48]	1.91 [1.69, 2.15]	1.71 [1.54, 1.91]
Exercises 4-7 days/week	0.91 [0.84, 0.98]	1.13 [0.96, 1.33]	0.78 [0.70, 0.87]	1.01 [0.92, 1.11]

Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire.

^aModels adjusted for age, gender, number of prescription drugs taken, Hierarchical Condition Category score, diabetes, respiratory disease, stroke, living in a low minority, or low-income zip code.

^bSelf-reported depression using the PHQ-2.

^cDepression ascertained from claims data using diagnostic codes.