Figure 2. a–e.

Illustration of five movement tasks. (a) Touching mouth/drinking. The hand was placed on the knee in the resting position, and a cup filled with water was held in the hand. The participant was instructed to move the cup to his/her mouth and take a sip, after which the end position was reached. (b) Touching the back. The arm was in the anatomical position, with hand hanging beside the body in a relaxed and neutral position. The participant was instructed to move his/her hand to the back and touch the upper back with the dorsal surface of the hand, after which the end position was reached. (c) Touching the contralateral shoulder. The start position was the anatomical position as described in task B. The end point was reached when the hand touched the contralateral shoulder joint. (d) Reaching upward. The start position was the anatomical position as described in task B. The participant was instructed to elevate his/her arm to the upward position and reach with the hand as high as possible. (e) Weight lifting. The hands were placed on the knee at the start position. The participant was instructed to lift a 4-kg bag from the ground with both the hands in front of the body