Table 4.

Main actors and role of the anthropogenic drivers described in the CF for the llama caravans case study

Component	Stakeholder	Role/description
Institutions and other indirect drivers of change	Nor Lipez herders’ communities llameros	The caravans depart from the llameros' homes in Bolivia. A propiciatory ritual is carried out at departure, which consists of smoking the animals by burning coa, a local plant. Then, they guide the caravans on a six-day journey across the mountains to Santa Catalina
	Santa Catalina local authorities	Administrative, Religious and recreative activities in town
	Santa Catalina Fair organizers. Local people associated with the authorities	Place of exchange Social activities, music, food, football
	Border authorities	Allow the passage of animals, people and goods from Bolivia to Argentina and back
	Traders and Truckers with information on Fibre market export companies and processed food wholesaler	Determine fibre to flour exchange rate, which is the main exchange of the fair
Anthropogenic direct drivers	Llameros transition to transport by motor vehicles	Extinction of caravans and caravan technologies
	Non-IPLC individuals breeding pack llamas and training them to walk	Using llamas’ caravans as touristic attraction
Anthropogenic assets	Llameros	Quechua-speaking IPLCs with knowledge and experience in breeding, training, and travelling with cargo llamas
	Researchers	Observing all the stages of the caravan trip to have a record of the activity after its extinction
	Local schools	Using caravans as a transversal theme for different subjects, such as mathematics, geography, history, and natural sciences
	Local people	Visitors, musicians, greengrocers, cooks, shopkeepers, traditional medicine women, among others
	Traders and truckers, textile companies, and processed food wholesaler	Financial capital for the purchase of food or fiber Infrastructure and technology with use of labor