Table 5.

Main CF components in relation to llama nanobodies

Components	Case study	Value	Description	other
Nature	Llamas	Intrinsic relational instrumental	Domestic camelid	Can be used as lab animal
Nature contribution to people	VHH nanobodies	Instrumental	Smaller and simpler than those found in humans	VHH fit into smaller and more recessed binding sites on the viral surface
Anthropogenic assets	Development of llama bio management	Instrumental	Llamas live in a corral near the laboratory	Tamed and trained for special handling (e.g. inoculation, collection of blood samples)
	Laboratories developing therapeutics with llama VHH	Instrumental	State-of-the-art techniques used in molecular biology
Institutions and Governance and other indirect drivers	International Research institutions National Research Council CONICET, other national institutions (INTA, Milstein, Leloir)	Instrumental	Research to produce biomedical products	Many products can be patented Nagoya protocol
Direct natural drivers	Housing conditions, temperature, food	Instrumental Relational	Llamas must be housed and handled with care	In summer, they need to be shorn
Direct anthropogenic driver	Research on llama blood	Instrumental	Several laboratories around the world	Techniques for blood collection must follow animal welfare protocols
Good quality of life	Can provide the cure for a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative ones	Instrumental	Therapeutic approaches based on the novel camelid nanobodies	Many people in the world can receive effective treatments based on the molecules of an animal that they do not know and live thousands of kilometers away. Health telecoupling