Table 2. Symptomatic therapy and safe medicines for acute attacks.

Symptoms	Medication/therapy
Autonomic neuropathy
Abdominal pain	Acetaminophen
	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
	Morphine and buprenorphine
Nausea	Ondansetron
Vomiting	Chlorpromazine
	Promethazine
Intestinal obstruction	Glycogen and symptomatic treatment
Constipation	Lactulose
Urinary retention	Urethral catheter
Tachycardia	Beta blockers
Hypertension	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
	Beta blockers
	Calcium channel blockers
Central neuropathy
Seizures	Correction of hyponatremia and hypertension
	Gabapentin
	Levetiracetam
	Diazepam
	Propofol
SIADH	Fluid restriction
	Infusion of saline solution
	Vaptans
	Loop diuretics
Peripheral neuropathy
Muscle weakness	Rehabilitation
Respiratory muscle	Mechanical ventilation
paresis
Psychosis
Insomnia and/or	Benzodiazepines including zopiclone and
anxiety	lorazepam
	Chlorpromazine
Depression	Fluoxetine
	Duloxetine
Hallucinations	Phenothiazines
	Olanzapine