Table 4.
Associated factors for depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in Korean asthmatic adolescents with experience of electronic cigarette use, 2015–2017 (N=17403)
|
Depression |
Suicidal ideation |
Suicide attempt |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | AOR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | AOR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | AOR (95% CI) | p | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | 1.79 (1.67–1.93) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.47–1.73) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.42–1.71) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.20–1.49) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.45–2.04) | <0.001 | 1.82 (1.50–2.21) | <0.001 |
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| Grade | ||||||||||||
| Middle school | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| High school | 1.25 (1.16–1.35) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.81–0.97) | 0.007 | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 0.915 | 0.64 (0.61–0.66) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) | 0.015 | 0.45 (0.37–0.55) | <0.001 |
| SES | ||||||||||||
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Middle | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.167 | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.006 | 0.76 (0.68–0.85) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.48–0.73) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.46–0.72) | <0.001 |
| Low | 1.61 (1.45–1.78) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 0.170 | 1.76 (1.57–1.99) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.84–1.11) | 0.620 | 1.77 (1.44–2.19) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 0.908 |
| Academic achievement | ||||||||||||
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Middle | 1.22 (1.11–1.33) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.09–1.33) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.90–1.14) | 0.851 | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) | 0.523 | 0.84 (0.66–1.07) | 0.162 | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) | 0.370 |
| Low | 1.70 (1.57–1.85) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.21–1.46) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.34–1.64) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | 0.721 | 1.62 (1.33–1.98) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.88–1.35) | 0.435 |
| Current drinking | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Yes | 2.02 (1.85–2.21) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.34–1.70) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.71–2.12) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.17–1.54) | <0.001 | 3.15 (2.63–3.77) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.46–2.32) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Yes | 2.18 (1.93–2.46) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.16–1.69) | <0.001 | 2.17 (1.88–2.50) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.22–1.89) | <0.001 | 4.37 (3.57–5.34) | <0.001 | 1.95 (1.41–2.71) | <0.001 |
| Subjective healthiness | ||||||||||||
| Healthy | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Average | 1.74 (1.60–1.89) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) | 0.296 | 1.90 (1.71–2.11) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 0.141 | 1.80 (1.47–2.20) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.92–1.44) | 0.205 |
| Unhealthy | 2.98 (2.67–3.33) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.15–1.48) | <0.001 | 4.08 (3.59–4.63) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.32–1.80) | <0.001 | 4.21 (3.39–5.24) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.38–2.24) | <0.001 |
| Subjective happiness | ||||||||||||
| Happy | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Average | 2.41 (2.22–2.62) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.38–1.67) | <0.001 | 2.77 (2.48–3.09) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.59–2.02) | <0.001 | 2.37 (1.90–2.95) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.37–2.26) | <0.001 |
| Unhappy | 7.35 (6.51–8.29) | <0.001 | 3.14 (2.73–3.62) | <0.001 | 12.22 (10.76–13.88) | <0.001 | 5.24 (4.51–6.09) | <0.001 | 9.21 (7.46–11.37) | <0.001 | 4.37 (3.36–5.69) | <0.001 |
| Perceived stress | ||||||||||||
| Often | 8.49 (7.35–9.79) | <0.001 | 4.79 (4.12–5.58) | <0.001 | 8.67 (7.16–10.50) | <0.001 | 4.11 (3.35–5.03) | <0.001 | 3.28 (2.49–4.32) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.05–1.99) | 0.025 |
| Sometimes | 2.18 (1.88–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.60–2.13) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.32–2.00) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.12–1.68) | 0.002 | 0.68 (0.48–0.95) | 0.025 | 0.64 (0.46–0.90) | 0.010 |
| Never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Sleep satisfaction | ||||||||||||
| Plenty | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| A little | 1.73 (1.56–1.92) | <0.001 | 1.32 (0.71–1.29) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.24–1.64) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.88–1.19) | 0.734 | 1.19 (0.90–1.57) | 0.225 | 0.95 (0.71–1.29) | 0.763 |
| Not enough | 2.92 (2.65–3.23) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.33–1.66) | <0.001 | 2.84 (2.50–3.22) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.06–1.43) | 0.006 | 2.59 (2.04–3.28) | <0.001 | 1.27 (0.97–1.67) | 0.088 |
| EC use | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Yes | 1.85 (1.66–2.07) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.15–1.61) | <0.001 | 1.69 (1.48–1.94) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.18–1.43) | <0.001 | 3.81 (3.13–4.64) | <0.001 | 2.11 (1.51–2.95) | <0.001 |
Following the selection of significant covariates, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the associated factors for depressive mood, suicidal ideation and attempt in asthmatic adolescents with experience of using electronic cigarettes. Odds ratios (OR), adjusted ORs (AORs), and confidence intervals at the 95% level (95% CIs) were obtained.