Table 3.

Paired‐samples t‐test between factors

Factors	ΔM	ΔSD	t(497)	p	95% CI
Traditional/ Superficial	2.57	1.45	39.45	<.001	[2.44, 2.70]
Traditional/ Online	3.19	1.44	49.49	<.001	[3.06, 3.32]
Traditional/ Negative	3.30	1.47	50.32	<.001	[3.17, 3.43]
Superficial/ Online	0.62	1.27	10.94	<.001	[0.51, 0.73]
Superficial/ Negative	0.73	1.33	12.32	<.001	[0.62, 0.85]
Online/ Negative	0.11	1.37	1.82	.070	[−0.01, 0.23]