Table 1.
Patient and clinical characteristics (n = 7)
| Patient | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||||||
| Sex | Male | Female | Male | Male | Male | Male | Male |
| Age (years) | 28 | 29 | 26 | 19 | 58 | 35 | 46 |
| Disease duration (years) | 16 | 29 | 26 | 19 | 52 | 35 | 46 |
| Fitzpatrick skin type | II | III | II | II | III | II | II |
| Asthma/allergic rhinoconjunctivitis | +/+ | +/+ | −/+ | +/+ | −/+ | +/+ | +/+ |
| ACDa | + | − | − | + | NA | NA | − |
| Occupation, hobbies | Office job | Office job | Biologic crop control, soccer | Student | Warehouse worker | PE teacher, tennis coach | Salesman |
| Previous systemic immunosuppressants | CsA, MMF, AZA, MTX, APR, UST, prednisone | CsA, prednisone | CsA, prednisone | CsA, AZA, prednisone | CsA, MTX, prednisone | CsA, MTX, prednisone | CsA, MTX, prednisone |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||||
| Onset of erythema (weeks of dupilumab treatment) | 39 | 28 | 16–29 | 16–28 | 10–22 | 20 | 11 |
| Treatment duration at biopsy (weeks) | 49 | 53 | 42 | 51 | 22 | 71 | 12 |
| Symptoms before dupilumab | |||||||
| Erythema | + | + | + | + | − | + | + |
| Scaling | + | + | + | + | − | + | + |
| Itch | + | − | + | + | − | + | + |
| Burning sensation | + | − | + | + | − | + | + |
| Symptoms of paradoxical erythema | |||||||
| Erythema | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Scaling | + | ± | − | − | − | − | − |
| Itch | +b | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Burning sensation | +b | ± | − | − | − | − | − |
| Influence of: | |||||||
| Ultraviolet | − | − | + | − | − | − | − |
| Alcohol | − | NA | − | − | − | − | − |
| Smoking | − | NA | NA | NA | NA | − | − |
| Retesting ACDc | NA | − | − | NA | NA | + | NA |
| Topicals prescriptionsd , e | Class 3–4 TCS, TCI, emollients, ivermectin | Class 3–4 TCS, emollients | Class 3–4 TCS, emollients, fusidic acid | Class 3–4 TCS, emollients | Class 3–4 TCS, emollients | Class 3 TCS, TCI, emollients | Class 5 TCS |
| Systemic prescriptionsd | Prednisone | Prednisone | Antifungals, antibiotics, antihistamine | Antihistamine | None | None | None |
ACD, allergic contact dermatitis; APR, apremilast; AZA, azathioprine; CsA, ciclosporin A; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MTX, methotrexate; NA, not applicable; PE, physical education; TCI, topical calcineurin inhibitors; TCS, topical corticosteroids; UST, ustekinumab. aEpicutaneous patch‐proven ACD, tested prior to dupilumab treatment. bSymptoms were notably different from the pre‐existing situation. cEpicutaneous patch‐proven ACD, (re)tested after onset of erythema. dPrescribed for head and neck erythema. eWorld Health Organization classification for topical corticosteroids.