Figure 5.

(a–c) Effects of GRT and ATV treatments on apoptosis status in C3A cells without palmitate and (d–f) cells treated with 500 µM palmitate for 24 hrs. Percentage of cell population in each viability phase was determined and data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 versus vehicle control or palmitate; ^## p < .01, ^### p < .001 versus respective GRT monotherapy. GRT1 = 0.01 mg/ml and GRT2 = 0.1 mg/ml aspalathin‐rich unfermented Rooibos extract (Afriplex GRT™); ATV1 = 10 µM and ATV2 = 25 µM atorvastatin. ATV, atorvastatin; SD, standard deviation