Fig. 5.

Lifetime analysis of laurdan emission of healthy, T1DM and T2DM RBC (A) decay curves in the green channel emission(540/50 nm) for healthy, T1DM and T2DM RBC. The corresponding Lifetime phasor transformation allows us to quantify and visualize changes in viscosity. The phasor distribution integrated for N = 90 cells (in each category) shows the center of mass of the phasor that lies outside of the universal circle for the control cells, indicating a non-exponential decay. In T1DM patients, the point rotates towards the universal circle, while T2DM RBC moves away from the universal circle. This shift indicates a more viscous environment with respect to control cells. (B)Viscosity driven segmentations of RBC cells. Segmentations are colored from blue (low viscosity) to red (high viscosity). Figure lookup table is reported along with the phasor plot. The color-coded regions of interest are chosen as rectangles, with the shortest sides perpendicular to the line connecting the center of mass of the clouds in the phasor plot of untreated and treated cells. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)