Table 1. Fine-tuning of Photocatalytic Conditions^a.

Entry	Catalyst	Solvent	Conv.
1	10 mol % Pd(OAc)2	benzene	100%b
2	5 mol %Pd(OAc)2	benzene	100%
3	4 mol % Pd(OAc)2	benzene	99%
4	3 mol % Pd(OAc)2	benzene	89%
5	2 mol % Pd(OAc)2	benzene	38%
6	1 mol % Pd(OAc)2	benzene	12%
7	5 mol % Pd(OAc)2	benzene	0%c
8	PdCl2	benzene	0%
9	Pd(acac)2	benzene	48%
10	Pd(TFA)2	benzene	83%
11	Pd2(dba)3	benzene	27%
12	Pd(OAc)2	water	7%
13	Pd(OAc)2	acetone	40%
14	Pd(OAc)2	ethyl acetate	46%
15	Pd(OAc)2	THF	83%
16	Pd(OAc)2	chlorobenzene	5%
17	Pd(OAc)2	toluene	80%
18	Pd(OAc)2	BTF	90%
19	Pd(OAc)2	cyclohexane	75%

^aStandard reaction conditions: styrene (0.2 mmol), trifluoroethyl-iodide (1.5 equiv), Cs₂CO₃ (1.5 equiv), catalyst (5 mol %), ligand (10 mol %) in 1 mL degassed benzene under Ar atmosphere, irradiated with single 10 W 440–445 nm LEDs at 25 °C.

^b3 equiv of Cs₂CO₃ were used.

^cIn the dark.