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. 2020 Oct 26;23(1):19–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.10.008

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© 2021 Association for Molecular Pathology and American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Supplemental Figure S1 — Verification of virus-like particles (VLPs) encapsulating specific RNA fragments of human coronaviruses. After incubation with RNase A and DNase I at 37°C for 40 minutes, the single band over 1% agarose gel electrophoresis near 2 kb proved the successful construction of VLPs. A: Results of electrophoresis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) VLPs. Lane 1, 2000-bp DNA marker; lane 2, SARS-CoV-2 VLPs without incubation with RNase A and DNase I; lane 3, SARS-CoV-2 VLPs incubated with RNase A and DNase I. B: Results of electrophoresis of SARS VLPs. Lane 1, 2000-bp DNA marker; lane 2, SARS-CoV VLPs not incubated with RNase A and DNase I; lane 3, SARS-CoV VLPs incubated with RNase A and DNase I. C: Results of electrophoresis of 229E VLPs. Lane 1, 2000-bp DNA marker; lane 2, 229E VLPs without incubation with RNase A and DNase I; lane 3, 229E VLPs incubated with RNase A and DNase I. D: Results of electrophoresis of HKU1 VLPs. Lane 1, 2000-bp DNA marker; lane 2, HKU1 VLPs without incubation with RNase A and DNase I; lane 3, HKU1 VLPs incubated with RNase A and DNase I. E: Results of electrophoresis of OC43 VLPs. Lane 1, 2000-bp DNA marker; lane 2, OC43 VLPs without incubation with RNase A and DNase I; lane 3, OC43 VLPs after incubation with RNase A and DNase I. F: Results of electrophoresis of NL63 VLPs. Lane 1, 2000-bp DNA marker; lane 2, NL63 VLPs without incubation with RNase A and DNase I; lane 3, NL63 VLPs digested by RNase A and DNase I. G: Results of electrophoresis of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) VLPs. Lane 1, 2000-bp DNA marker; lane 2, MERS VLPs without incubation with RNase A and DNase I; lane 3, MERS VLPs incubated with RNase A and DNase I.