Table 1.

Outcomes and Covariates

Construct	Scale or Item	Description	Classification for Model
Outcomes
Depression	Depression Rating Scale (DRS)18	Summary scale of assessor-rated depressive symptoms using 7 mood items. Scored 0 (no symptoms) to 14 (high symptom burden), where 3 represents need for follow-up for depression	Binary: Score of ≥3 or <3
Delirium	Delirium Clinical AssessmentProtocol (CAP)22	Any resident who exhibits one of the following: —behavior in the following areas appears different from usual functioning, either new onset or worsening or different from recent times: easily distracted, episodes of disorganized speech, mental function varies over the course of the day —acute changes in mental status from person’s usual functioning Scored as triggered or not.	Binary: CAP triggered yes/no
Behavioral problems	Aggressive Behavior Scale (ABS)23	Severity of expressions and behaviors. Scored 0 (no behaviors) to 12 (most severe).	Binary: Score of ≥1 or 0
Covariates
Age	Age		Continuous
Sex	Sex	Female or male	Binary: male or female
Lockdown	Lockdown period	Lockdown date was specific to when each home closed	Binary: yes or no
Length of stay	Admission and assessment date	Number of days since admission to the home	Continuous
Facility X	Reference facility	Facility X was used as the reference facility because it demonstrated differences in univariate analyses	Binary: yes or no
Major physical disorder	Heart failure	Diagnosis of heart failure	Binary: yes/no
Major cognitive disorder	Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias	Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias	Binary: yes/no
Healthy instability	Changes in Health, End-Stage disease and Symptoms (CHESS)24	Health instability. Scored 0 (most stable) to 5 (most unstable).	Continuous
Functional mobility	Activities of Daily Living Hierarchy (ADL Hierarchy)25	Hierarchical measure of functional status related to activities of daily living based on 4 key activities (personal hygiene, locomotion, toilet use, and eating) that represent early, mid, and late loss activites of daily living. Scored 0 (independent) to 6 (dependent).	Continuous
Cognition	Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS)26	Global measure of cognitive status based on functional parameters rated by severity. Scored 0 (intact) to 6 (very severe impairment).	Continuous
Social engagement	Revised Index of Social Engagement27	Measures positive features of LTC residents' social behavior using 6 items. 0 (no engagement) to 6 (high engagement)	Continuous