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. 2020 Oct 12;25(20):4639. doi: 10.3390/molecules25204639

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Structures of proline, glutamic acid and arginine. (B) Proline metabolism in mammals. The proline metabolism involves the metabolism of other amino acids, such as ornithine, arginine, glutamic acid, and glutamine, and is related to the urea cycle and TCA cycle. Metabolites covered by the developed methodology are marked in red color. Abbreviations: GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; GLS, glutaminase; GS, glutamine synthase; OAT, ornithine aminotransferase; PRODH/POX, proline dehydrogenase/oxidase; PYCR, P5C reductase; P5CDH, P5C dehydrogenase; P5CS, P5C synthase; TCA, tricarboxylic acid. Created with BioRender.com.