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. 2020 Oct 15;17:E127. doi: 10.5888/pcd17.200061

Table 1. Measures of Implementation Contextual Factors for Evaluation of 184 International Walking School Bus Programs, 2017–2018.

Implementation Contextual Factor Number of Items Description
Built environment
Environment supportiveness 3 Whether during the walk to school, students were safe from traffic, students were safe from crime, and the availability and condition of sidewalks was adequate (yes = 1; no = 0). Items were summed to create the environmental supportiveness index (0–3).
Program coordination
Who program was coordinated by 1 The coordinator’s (respondent’s) usual role outside of operating the program from a list of 12 options that were grouped as school or district staff, parent, or external organization staff (eg, health department, community nonprofit).
Route leader characteristics
Number of route leaders 1 The number of route leaders other than the survey respondent.
School route leader involvement 3 Whether the program had successfully involved classroom teachers, physical education teachers, or other school staff as route leaders (yes = 1; no = 0). Items were summed to create the school route leader involvement index (0–3).
External route leader involvement 4 Whether the program had successfully involved parents, college students, retired older adults, or employees from local companies or organizations as route leaders (yes = 1; no = 0). Items were summed to create the external route leader involvement index (0–4).
Program funding
External 1 Whether the program was a current recipient of external grant funding (yes = 1; no = 0).
Supports and resources
Personal school supports 7 Whether each of the following people provided support to the program: superintendent; principal; other administrative staff; school nurse; physical education teacher; other teachers; wellness committee (yes = 1; no = 0). Items were summed to create the school supports index (0–7).
Parent supports 2 Whether each of the following people provided support to the program: parents, parent-teacher organization (yes = 1; no= 0). Items were summed to create the school supports index (0–2).
Support activities
Built environment activities 6 Whether any of the following neighborhood environment or walkability improvements had been made to support the program: sidewalk improvements, crosswalk or crossing improvements, traffic calming improvements, safety improvements, landscape improvements, other improvements (yes = 1; no= 0). Items were summed to create the built environment activities index (0–6).
Other active travel to school activities 7 Whether any of the following activities were also occurring at the school: environmental audit and walk assessments, neighborhood improvement requests, student safety training, parent safety education, enforcement of traffic laws, direct marketing of walking and biking to school, and special events to encourage walking and biking (yes = 1; no = 0). Items were summed to create the other active travel to school activities index (0–7).
Total support activities 13 Sum of the built environment and active travel to school activities indices (0–13).