Table 1.
Extraction yield (% DM) of the different parts of blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea L.), cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) and pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) extracted by decoction and maceration.
| Extraction Method | Extraction Solvents | Blue Passion Flower (Passiflora caerulea L.) | |||
| Leaves | Flower | Stem | Roots | ||
| Maceration | MeOH (70%) | 15.44 ± 0.58 k–p | 14.34 ± 1.33 m–q | 12.07 ± 0.05 s | 15.81 ± 0.4 l–p |
| EtOH (70%) | 13.22 ± 0.07 p–s | 12.10 ± 2.14 p–s | 12.83 ± 1.27 r,s | 13.45 ± 2.7 n–r | |
| H2O | 20.98 ± 0.27 a–c | 18.73 ± 0.67 b–g | 19.56 ± 7.43 g–n | 18.81 ± 0.87 d–k | |
| Acetone (70%) | 21.95 ± 0.05 a | 20.32 ± 0.38 a–e | 18.33 ± 0.53 c–i | 21.07 ± 0.9 a–e | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 19.00 ± 0.95 d–j | 15.28 ± 2.33 o–s | 16.69 ± 1.67 j–p | 18.70 ± 2.26 f–m | |
| Decoction | MeOH (70%) | 22.02 ± 0.02 a | 20.02 ± 0.05 a–f | 22.08 ± 0.96 a,b | 22.18 ± 0.06 a |
| EtOH (70%) | 20.82 ± 0.17 a–d | 18.42 ± 0.79 e–l | 20.09 ± 0.27 a–f | 20.53 ± 1.47 a–f | |
| H2O | 18.87 ± 0.81 d–j | 18.32 ± 1.63 f–m | 16.68 ± 1.34 i–o | 18.73 ± 0.54 b–g | |
| Acetone (70%) | 13.73 ± 0.27 o–s | 16.28 ± 0.07 h–o | 12.25 ± 0.28 q–s | 16.53 ± 1.93 l–p | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 19.07 ± 0.31 b–h | 15.43 ± 1.11 i–o | 16.83 ± 2.76 l–p | 17.45 ± 0.1 f–n | |
| Extraction Method | Extraction Solvents | Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) | |||
| Leaves | Flower | Stem | Roots | ||
| Maceration | MeOH (70%) | 17.25 ± 0.14 l,m | 15.02 ± 0.19 q | 17.20 ± 0.16 l,m | 18.76 ± 0.83 i–k |
| EtOH (70%) | 11.90 ± 0.67 s | 16.02 ± 0.2 o,p | 16.04 ± 0.21 o,p | 12.81 ± 0.17 r | |
| H2O | 18.87 ± 0.91 i–k | 19.28 ± 0.39 g–i | 17.76 ± 0.87 l,m | 18.74 ± 0.83 i–k | |
| Acetone (70%) | 20.33 ± 0.00 e,f | 20.99 ± 1.25 e,f | 20.90 ± 0.1 c–e | 21.59 ± 0.29 a,b | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 16.96 ± 1.07 m–p | 17.66 ± 0.82 l–n | 18.93 ± 0.29 h–k | 19.01 ± 0.23 g–j | |
| Decoction | MeOH (70%) | 19.53 ± 0.36 f,g | 21.32 ± 0.35 a–c | 20.31 ± 0.5 d,e | 22.36 ± 0.13 a |
| EtOH (70%) | 17.22 ± 0.15 m,n | 21.07 ± 0.14 b–e | 19.38 ± 0.11 g,h | 21.60 ± 0.64 b–d | |
| H2O | 17.22 ± 0.3 l–n | 17.90 ± 0.65 k,j | 17.85 ± 0.33 k,l | 18.23 ± 0.34 j,k | |
| Acetone (70%) | 17.45 ± 0.88 m,n | 13.06 ± 0.46 r | 15.62 ± 0.25 p,q | 16.41 ± 0.08 s | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 17.2 ± 0.73 m,n | 17.09 ± 0.32 m–o | 17.08 ± 0.16 m,n | 16.20 ± 0.32 o,p | |
| Extraction Method | Extraction Solvents | Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) | |||
| Leaves | Flower | Stem | Roots | ||
| Maceration | MeOH (70%) | 18.95 ± 0.17 e–g | 15.78 ± 0.29 h–l | 14.85 ± 0.55 o–q | 15.79 ± 0.44 k–n |
| EtOH (70%) | 17.09 ± 0.36 h | 15.44 ± 0.7 j–m | 12.86 ± 0.33 r | 14.28 ± 0.87 q | |
| H2O | 18.63 ± 0.65 g | 18.03 ± 0.35 g | 16.17 ± 0.15 h–k | 14.88 ± 0.43 n–q | |
| Acetone (70%) | 21.41 ± 0.58 b | 19.46 ± 0.4 d,e | 19.34 ± 0.14 d–f | 19.82 ± 0.01 d | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 19.54 ± 0.52 d–f | 19.08 ± 0.44 d–f | 16.05 ± 0.12 h–l | 14.62 ± 0.83 m–p | |
| Decoction | MeOH (70%) | 22.67 ± 0.07 a | 21.29 ± 0.01 b | 19.63 ± 0.43 d–f | 22.69 ± 0.1 a |
| EtOH (70%) | 20.98 ± 0.16 b | 19.80 ± 0.89 e–f | 14.97 ± 0.61 l–o | 20.41 ± 0.68 c,d | |
| H2O | 18.27 ± 0.54 f,g | 18.18 ± 0.41 g | 18.20 ± 2.02 h | 18.61 ± 0.22 f,g | |
| Acetone (70%) | 13.98 ± 0.59 p,q | 14.43 ± 0.45 p,q | 14.75 ± 0.67 o–p | 12.57 ± 0.05 r | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 16.36 ± 0.71 h,i | 16.09 ± 0.38 h–l | 15.46 ± 0.3 l–o | 16.64 ± 0.075 h–j | |
Different letters in the same column for each plant indicate significant differences at a p < 0.05 level of probability. Data are the mean ± standard deviation (SD).