Table 3.
Flavonoid content (mg eq Qu/100 g DM) in the different parts of blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea L.), cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) and pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) extracted by decoction and maceration.
| Extraction Method | Extraction Solvents | Blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea L.) | |||
| Leaves | Flower | Stem | Roots | ||
| Maceration | MeOH (70%) | 532.71 ± 5.28 c | 162.84 ± 1.05 s–u | 222.46 ± 4.91 m–p | 200.48 ± 0.35 r,q |
| EtOH (70%) | 676 ± 9.82 b | 222.46 ± 10.52 m–p | 242.49 ± 1.2 k–m | 239.03 ± 4.21 k–m | |
| H2O | 329.92 ± 1.01 e | 100.6 ± 1.4 w | 132.6 ± 0.7 v | 129.44 ± 0.35 v | |
| Acetone (70%) | 717.28 ± 1.4 a | 217.48 ± 2.45 n–q | 265.57 ± 8.23 h–j | 237.82 ± 0.7 k–n | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 736.1 ± 5.38 a | 166.78 ± 0.7 s–u | 154.94 ± 0.35 t,u | 233.27 ± 0.35 l–o | |
| Decoction | MeOH (70%) | 300.42 ± 19.63 f,g | 173.89 ± 0.7 s,t | 183.6 ± 0.7 r,s | 236.42 ± 1.4 k–n |
| EtOH (70%) | 318.99 ± 5.61 e,f | 301.63 ± 4.21 f | 218.82 ± 0.7 n-q | 472.85 ± 5.48 d | |
| H2O | 211.53 ± 3.51 o–q | 198.78 ± 1.4 qr | 158.71 ± 1.4 tu | 147.17 ± 2.1 u,v | |
| Acetone (70%) | 297.74 ± 2.1 fg | 246.74 ± 0.7 j-l | 255.24 ± 0.7 k-n | 238.24 ± 0.7 k–n | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 273.74 ± 5.6 hi | 203.03 ± 3.51 p-r | 278.56 ± 6.83 gh | 229.14 ± 2.8 l–o | |
| Extraction Method | Extraction Solvents | Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) | |||
| Leaves | Flower | Stem | Roots | ||
| Maceration | MeOH (70%) | 205.34 ± 3.86 k | 49 ± 1.4 t | 115.78 ± 2.1 q | 219.6 ± 0.7 g–j |
| EtOH (70%) | 257.55 ± 2.19 e | 55.68 ± 3.51 s,t | 148.57 ± 4.91 n,o | 282.14 ± 2.8 c | |
| H2O | 116.09 ± 3.86 q | 23.8 ± 0.35 u | 73.59 ± 1.05 r | 133.39 ± 0.7 p | |
| Acetone (70%) | 277.59 ± 1.77 c | 63.26 ± 3.15 r,s | 136.43 ± 5.61 o,p | 300.66 ± 8.58 b | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 230.53 ± 7.71 f,g | 45.66 ± 1.75 t | 155.55 ± 10.17 n | 279.11 ± 2.1 c | |
| Decoction | MeOH (70%) | 209.1 ± 1.93 k,j | 57.31 ± 2.1 s,t | 215.78 ± 7.01 h–k | 279.53 ± 3.51 c |
| EtOH (70%) | 323.85 ± 2.64 a | 155.07 ± 1.2 n | 217.6 ± 13.32 h–k | 272.24 ± 4.72 c,d | |
| H2O | 169.64 ± 9.82 m | 140.49 ± 1.4 o,p | 170.24 ± 2.1 g–k | 210.32 ± 0.7 i–k | |
| Acetone (70%) | 234.6 ± 2.1 e | 175.71 ± 7.01 l | 222.46 ± 4.91 f–i | 315.35 ± 2.62 a | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 260.1 ± 9.11 d,e | 157.49 ± 2.8 m,n | 224.28 ± 4.21 f–h | 252.82 ± 3.51 e | |
| Extraction Method | Extraction Solvents | Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) | |||
| Leaves | Flower | Stem | Roots | ||
| Maceration | MeOH (70%) | 402.17 ± 3.51 e | 120.46 ± 6.31 s,t | 97.22 ± 2.29 v–x | 171.34 ± 0.35 p,q |
| EtOH (70%) | 649.89 ± 7.71 a | 128.96 ± 6.12 r,s | 158.71 ± 1.63 q | 229.02 ± 0.35 i–k | |
| H2O | 224.89 ± 4.72 j–l | 67.03 ± 2.1 y | 112.56 ± 8.41 t,u | 137.64 ± 1.4 r | |
| Acetone (70%) | 550.32 ± 3.32 b | 127.74 ± 3.51 r,s | 187.24 ± 2.1 n,o | 236.6 ± 0.7 h–j | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 440.42 ± 2.04 d | 84.03 ± 0.7 x | 99.81 ± 2.1 u–w | 202 ± 4.21 m,n | |
| Decoction | MeOH (70%) | 252.82 ± 2.33 g | 41.53 ± 0.7 y | 159.92 ± 1.40 q | 190.89 ± 3.51 n,o |
| EtOH (70%) | 502.96 ± 3.55 c | 49.42 ± 4.21 y | 178.14 ± 4.21 o,p | 214.57 ± 7.01 k–m | |
| H2O | 212.74 ± 0.7 l,m | 17.85 ± 1.4 z | 87.67 ± 0.7 w,x | 227.92 ± 5.61 i–k | |
| Acetone (70%) | 277.71 ± 4.21 f | 61.87 ± 2.56 y | 159.92 ± 2.8 q | 241.28 ± 2.8 g–i | |
| MeOH, NaF (80%) | 288.64 ± 1.4 f | 52.15 ± 2.22 y | 107.71 ± 2.8 t–v | 246.74 ± 0.7 g–h | |
Different letters in the same column for each plant indicate significant differences at a p < 0.05 level of probability. Data are the mean ± standard deviation (SD).