Table 1.

The main classes of adenosine deaminase inhibitors with inhibitory constant (Ki) value or the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀).

Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitor	Ki Value (or IC50)	Ref.
Transition-state inhibitors
Coformycin	10 pM	[50]
2′-Deoxycoformycin	2.5 pM	[51]
4R-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole	61 µM	[52]
2′-Chloro-2′deoxyadenosine (cladribine)	(0.2 µM)	[53,54]
2′-Chloro-2′deoxycoformycin	0.53 nM	[55]
Adecypenol	47 nM	[56]
Ground-state inhibitors
1-Deazaadenosine	0.66 µM	[57]
2′-Deoxy-1-deazaadenozine	0.19 µM	[58]
N6-Hydroxy-2′deoxy-1-deazaadenozine	0.25 µM	[59]
N6-Methyl-2′deoxy-1-deazaadenozine	1.2 µM	[59]
N6-Cyclopropyl-2′deoxy-1-deazaadenozine	5.9 µM	[59]
3′-Deoxy-1-deazaadenosine	2.6 µM	[60]
2′3′-Dideoxy-1-deazaadenosine	2.2 µM	[60]
Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA)	1.6 nM	[61]
9′-Chloro-EHNA	2.7 nM	[62]
9′-Phthalimido-EHNA	0.95 nM	[62]
Fluorescent derivatives of epsilon-EHNA	2.8 µM	[63]
1-DeazaEHNA	0.16 µM	[64]
3-DeazaEHNA	0.01 µM	[64]
Erythro-1-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)imidazole	0.90 µM	[65]
Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide	0.035 µM	[65]
Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)1,2,4-triazole	0.3 µM	[66]
Non-nucleoside inhibitors
1-(1-Hydroxy-4-phenylbutan-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide	5.9 µM	[67]
1-((1R,2S)-2-Hydroxy-1-(2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl)propyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (FR234938)	3.6 nM	[68]
Flavonoids and sapogenins/plant extracts
Kaempherol	(30 µM)	[69]
Quercetin	(30 µM)	[69]
Hibifolin	50 µM	[70]
Naringrin	200 µM	[71]
Curcumin	(13.6 µM)	[72]
Genistein	(1.5 mM)	[73]
Cyanidin-3-rutinoside	(0.95 mM)	[73]
Acidic sapogenins 3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl isoxazole	1 µM (0.380 mM)	[74] [75]
Drugs
Acetaminophen	214 µM	[76]
Diclofenac	30 µM	[77]
Aspirin	43 µM	[77]
Lidoflazine	30 µM	[78]
Phenylbutazone	54 µM	[78]
Chlordiazepoxide	83 µM	[78]
Tradozon	60 µM	[79]