Table 3.
Nutritive and antinutritive effects of tannins in monogastric animals.
| Plant Source/Tannin | Animal (Monogastric) | Concentration/Application | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chestnut (Castanea) HT | Swine/pig | 1%, 2% and 3% | Liver not affected. Changes in the intestine: villus height increased, mucosal thickness and villus perimeter; reduced large intestinal apoptosis and mitosis | [70] |
| Sweet chestnut wood extract | Chickens (broilers) | 0.07% and 0.2% | No antinutritive effects | [65] |
| Tannic acid (TA) | Chickens (broilers) | 1% Tannic acid different climatic conditions | Better quality of fatty acid profile of breast muscle of broilers | [71] |
| Chestnut (Castanea) HT | Chickens (layers) | 0.20% | Increased monounsaturated fatty acid and reduced cholesterol content of eggs | [72] |
| Chestnut tannin extract (Castanea sativa Miller) HT | Chickens (layers) | 2 g/kg | Unsaturated fatty acids increased; cholesterol significantly decreased: −17% in WLT and −9% in MUT |
[73] |
| High-tannin red sorghum (Sorghum vulgaris) HTS | Chickens (broilers) | 16 g/kg (reconstituted red sorghum) | Utilisations of phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium retention were similar | [68] |
| Chestnut (Castanea) | Pigs | 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% | Reduction in digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude ash and tannin decreased linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing chestnut meal supplementation | [74] |