Table 6.

Health benefits of tannins in monogastric animals.

Plant Source/Tannin	Animal/Monogastric	Application Rates	Health Benefits	References
Chestnut tannin (HT)	Chickens	0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg	250 mg/kg reduced number of E. coli and coliform bacteria in small intestine. Greatest number of Lactobacillus observed in supplementation of 1000 mg/kg	[49]
Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicatia)	Rabbit	0.2%, 0.4% and 0.3%	Increased total white blood cells in rabbit	[113]
Chestnut (HT)	Chickens (broiler)	0.15% to 1.2%	Reduced bacteria in the gut. Clostridium perfringens (Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina)	[117]
Grape pomace (CT)	Pigs	2.80%	Reduction in the absorption of mycotoxins in the gastrointestinal surface	[118]
Grape pomace (CT)	Chickens (broiler)	6%	Increased commensal bacteria (Lactobacillus) and decreased the counts of clostridium bacteria in ileal content	[118]