TABLE 1.
Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
| Characteristics | Early (n = 76) | Late (n = 35) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± sd | 69.79 ± 12.15 | 65.03 ± 8.37 | 0.038 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 34 (45) | 17 (49) | 0.838 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.885 | ||
| African American | 48 (63) | 24 (69) | |
| Caucasian | 4 (5) | 2 (6) | |
| Hispanic | 9 (12) | 4 (11) | |
| Other | 13 (17) | 5 (14) | |
| Unknown | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Comorbidities n (%) | |||
| Body mass index, mean ± sd | 30.27 ± 8.07 | 32.17 ± 7.81 | 0.247 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10 (13) | 6 (17) | 0.573 |
| Asthma | 5 (7) | 4 (11) | 0.459 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 10 (13) | 3 (9) | 0.752 |
| Heart failure | 15 (20) | 9 (26) | 0.469 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 12 (16) | 2 (6) | 0.218 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 2 (3) | 3 (9) | 0.323 |
| Diabetes | 45 (59) | 18 (51) | 0.537 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 14 (18) | 7 (20) | 1.000 |
| End stage renal disease on dialysis | 8 (11) | 2 (6) | 0.500 |
| HIV | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Coronary artery disease | 18 (24) | 10 (29) | 0.641 |
| Hypertension | 66 (87) | 31 (89) | 1.000 |
| Laboratory/variables at admission | |||
| Fio2% on intubation, mean ± sd | 90.30 ± 18.08 | 97.94 ± 5.91 | 0.001 |
| Pao2:Fio2 ratio 0 hr intubation, median (IQR) | 106 (63–169) | 111 (60–178) | 0.644 |
| Serum ferritin, median (IQR) | 1,262 (560–2,829) | 824 (468–1,483) | 0.070 |
| Peak ferritin, median (IQR) | 2,312 (840–5,240) | 1,981 (807–4,633) | 0.850 |
| d-dimer, median (IQR) | 2,805 (1,418–5,970) | 2,560 (1,160–4,130) | 0.333 |
| Peak d-dimer, median (IQR) | 5,990 (2,945–18,998) | 7,590 (7,590–15,235) | 0.524 |
| CRP, median (IQR) | 180 (102–255) | 133 (81–236) | 0.320 |
| Peak CRP, median (IQR) | 218 (155–305) | 227 (165–301) | 0.962 |
| Procalcitonin, median (IQR) | 0.62 (0.22–2.48) | 0.35 (0.11–1.01) | 0.088 |
| Peak procalcitonin, median (IQR) | 1.52 (0.36–10.64) | 0.65 (0.17–9.59) | 0.139 |
| LDH, median (IQR) | 505 (363–656) | 456 (394–586) | 0.588 |
| Peak LDH, median (IQR) | 662 (522–1,046) | 720 (555–857) | 0.933 |
| Coronavirus disease 2019 treatment, n (%) | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 49 (65) | 27 (77) | 0.197 |
| Steroids | 56 (74) | 25 (71) | 0.821 |
| Tocilizumab | 23 (30) | 11 (31) | 1.000 |
| Remdesivir | 11 (15) | 5 (14) | 1.000 |
| Proning | 23 (30) | 15 (44) | 0.194 |
| Paralytics | 28 (37) | 16 (47) | 0.437 |
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| Days prior intubation median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 4.5 (3–7) | < 0.0001 |
| Days on high flow/non-invasive ventilation/elevated O2 requirements prior to intubation, median (IQR) | 0.38 (0–1) | 3 (2.5–5.0) | < 0.0001 |
| SOFA at admission, mean ± sd | 6.51 ± 3.48 | 3.74 ± 2.41 | < 0.0001 |
| SOFA ICU admission, mean ± sd | 8.15 ± 3.29 | 6.29 ± 2.80 | 0.005 |
| Inpatient death, n (%) | 54 (71) | 20 (57) | 0.194 |
| Need for continuous renal replacement therapy/hemodialysis, n (%) | 23 (30) | 7 (20) | 0.358 |
| Reintubation, n (%) | 6 (10) | 4 (15) | 0.488 |
| Days on ventilator, mean ± sd | 10.41 ± 7.53 | 8.00 ± 7.82 | 0.125 |
| ICU length of stay, mean ± sd | 10.76 ± 7.59 | 8.19 ± 7.53 | 0.103 |
| Hospital length of stay, mean ± sd | 13.98 ± 8.71 | 15.15 ± 8.11 | 0.509 |
CRP = C-reactive protein, IQR = interquartile range, LDH = lactate dehydrogenase, SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.