Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Who Were Mechanically Ventilated
| Characteristic | Overall, n = 755 | Hospital A, n = 376 | Hospital B, n = 87 | Hospital C, n = 79 | Hospital D, n = 136 | Hospital E, n = 77 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 63 (13) | 61 (14) | 67 (10) | 64 (11) | 64 (13) | 66 (12) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31 (8) | 31 (8) | 31 (8) | 31 (8) | 32 (9) | 31 (8) |
| Male gender | 483 (64.0%) | 245 (65.2%) | 54 (62.1%) | 54 (68.4%) | 79 (58.1%) | 51 (66.2%) |
| BMI category, kg/m2 | ||||||
| Under and normal weight | 156 (20.7%) | 77 (20.5%) | 20 (23.0%) | 20 (25.3%) | 20 (14.7%) | 19 (24.7%) |
| Overweight (25–30) | 225 (29.8%) | 111 (29.5%) | 28 (32.2%) | 20 (25.3%) | 44 (32.4%) | 22 (28.6%) |
| Obese (> 30) | 374 (49.5%) | 188 (50.0%) | 39 (44.8%) | 39 (49.4%) | 72 (52.9%) | 36 (46.8%) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Asian | 38 (5.0%) | 18 (4.8%) | 2 (2.3%) | 9 (11.4%) | 4 (2.9%) | 5 (6.5%) |
| Black | 178 (23.6%) | 68 (18.1%) | 48 (55.2%) | 6 (7.6%) | 37 (27.2%) | 19 (24.7%) |
| Hispanic | 225 (29.8%) | 118 (31.4%) | 7 (8.0%) | 35 (44.3%) | 51 (37.5%) | 14 (18.2%) |
| Other | 165 (21.9%) | 95 (25.3%) | 9 (10.3%) | 17 (21.5%) | 28 (20.6%) | 16 (20.8%) |
| White | 149 (19.7%) | 77 (20.5%) | 21 (24.1%) | 12 (15.2%) | 16 (11.8%) | 23 (29.9%) |
| Current or former smoker | 185 (33.7%) | 86 (31.7%) | 13 (18.8%) | 26 (44.1%) | 33 (36.3%) | 27 (45.8%) |
| Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 47 (6.3%) | 21 (5.7%) | 4 (4.6%) | 8 (10.1%) | 8 (5.9%) | 6 (7.9%) |
| Cancer | 47 (6.3%) | 24 (6.5%) | 5 (5.7%) | 5 (6.3%) | 8 (5.9%) | 5 (6.6%) |
| Congestive heart failure/valvular disease | 30 (4.3%) | 14 (4.2%) | 3 (3.8%) | 4 (5.1%) | 7 (5.7%) | 2 (2.7%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 69 (9.2%) | 35 (9.5%) | 8 (9.2%) | 7 (8.9%) | 12 (8.8%) | 7 (9.2%) |
| Diabetes | 177 (23.7%) | 81 (21.9%) | 14 (16.1%) | 26 (32.9%) | 35 (25.7%) | 21 (27.6%) |
| Hypertension | 248 (33.1%) | 102 (27.5%) | 26 (29.9%) | 38 (48.1%) | 49 (36.0%) | 33 (43.4%) |
| Liver disease | 10 (1.4%) | 8 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.4%) |
| Stroke or neurologic disease | 37 (4.9%) | 18 (4.8%) | 6 (6.9%) | 4 (5.1%) | 5 (3.7%) | 4 (5.2%) |
| Given anticoagulation agentsa | 552 (73.1%) | 295 (78.5%) | 52 (59.8%) | 55 (69.6%) | 94 (69.1%) | 56 (72.7%) |
| Given broad-spectrum antibioticsa | 624 (82.6%) | 299 (79.5%) | 83 (95.4%) | 75 (94.9%) | 106 (77.9%) | 61 (79.2%) |
| Given antiplatelet agentsa | 197 (26.1%) | 103 (27.4%) | 23 (26.4%) | 23 (29.1%) | 39 (28.7%) | 9 (11.7%) |
| Given corticosteroidsa | 590 (78.1%) | 315 (83.8%) | 55 (63.2%) | 63 (79.7%) | 84 (61.8%) | 73 (94.8%) |
| Maximum heart rate prior to intubation, beats/min | 120 (25) | 119 (25) | 113 (25) | 121 (25) | 121 (22) | 127 (27) |
| Maximum respiratory rate before intubation, breaths/min | 33 (7) | 34 (7) | 31 (8) | 33 (7) | 33 (8) | 36 (7) |
| Maximum O2 saturation prior to intubation | 88 (6%) | 88 (6%) | 91 (7%) | 87 (6%) | 88 (7%) | 85 (7%) |
| Maximum creatinine before intubation, mg/Dl | 3.2 (3.3) | 3.2 (3.2) | 4.2 (3.9) | 3.2 (2.6) | 2.9 (3.4) | 3.2 (3.3) |
| Oxygen therapy prior to intubation | ||||||
| Room air | 48 (6.4%) | 27 (7.2%) | 9 (10.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | 8 (5.9%) | 2 (2.6%) |
| Nasal cannula | 44 (5.8%) | 22 (5.9%) | 8 (9.2%) | 5 (6.3%) | 5 (3.7%) | 4 (5.2%) |
| Mask | 192 (25.4%) | 85 (22.6%) | 38 (43.7%) | 25 (31.6%) | 30 (22.1%) | 14 (18.2%) |
| Continuous positive airway pressure/bilevel positive airway pressure | 233 (30.9%) | 86 (22.9%) | 26 (29.9%) | 39 (49.4%) | 51 (37.5%) | 31 (40.3%) |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 88 (11.7%) | 49 (13.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 6 (7.6%) | 18 (13.2%) | 14 (18.2%) |
| Unknown | 150 (19.9%) | 107 (28.5%) | 5 (5.7%) | 2 (2.5%) | 24 (17.6%) | 12 (15.6%) |
| Week intubated | ||||||
| February 21 to March 12 | 8 (1.1%) | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (2.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| March 13 to March 19 | 26 (3.4%) | 11 (2.9%) | 2 (2.3%) | 5 (6.3%) | 6 (4.4%) | 2 (2.6%) |
| March 20 to March 26 | 110 (14.6%) | 50 (13.3%) | 14 (16.1%) | 5 (6.3%) | 30 (22.1%) | 11 (14.3%) |
| March 27 to April 02 | 169 (22.4%) | 90 (23.9%) | 21 (24.1%) | 14 (17.7%) | 27 (19.9%) | 17 (22.1%) |
| April 3 to April 9 | 175 (23.2%) | 94 (25.0%) | 17 (19.5%) | 22 (27.8%) | 22 (16.2%) | 20 (26.0%) |
| April 10 to April 16 | 114 (15.1%) | 57 (15.2%) | 17 (19.5%) | 13 (16.5%) | 18 (13.2%) | 9 (11.7%) |
| April 17 to April 23 | 93 (12.3%) | 49 (13.0%) | 7 (8.0%) | 12 (15.2%) | 13 (9.6%) | 12 (15.6%) |
| April 24 to April 30 | 60 (7.9%) | 23 (6.1%) | 7 (8.0%) | 6 (7.6%) | 19 (14.0%) | 5 (6.5%) |
| Time to intubation, d | 2.3 (0.6–6.3) | 2.2 (0.5–5.8) | 3.1 (0.9–6.4) | 2.8 (0.6–6.2) | 2.0 (0.5–4.9) | 2.3 (0.6–9.4) |
| Duration of intubation, d | 8.6 (3.6–17.4) | 9.2 (4.0–20.9) | 6.2 (3.5–11.4) | 6.9 (2.5–10.0) | 10.5 (4.6–20.7) | 8.4 (2.4–13.0) |
| Length of stay, d | 13.3 (6.0–24.7) | 15.8 (7.7–28.1) | 8.1 (3.9–19.7) | 8.3 (3.7–14.5) | 13.9 (6.6–27.3) | 11.9 (7.2–21.5) |
| Tracheostomy | 163 (21.6%) | 123 (32.7%) | 4 (4.6%) | 8 (10.1%) | 21 (15.4%) | 7 (9.1%) |
| Disposition | ||||||
| Died in hospital | 512 (67.8%) | 211 (56.1%) | 73 (83.9%) | 73 (92.4%) | 97 (71.3%) | 58 (75.3%) |
| Discharged home | 121 (16.0%) | 88 (23.4%) | 7 (8.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 16 (11.8%) | 9 (11.7%) |
| Remains hospitalized | 9 (1.2%) | 4 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.9%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| Discharged to long-term care facility | 100 (13.2%) | 67 (17.8%) | 7 (8.0%) | 4 (5.1%) | 14 (10.3%) | 8 (10.4%) |
| Other/unknownb | 13 (1.7%) | 6 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 5 (3.7%) | 1 (1.3%) |
BMI = body mass index.
aIndicates therapy given at any point during hospitalization (prior to or after intubation).
bOther includes nursing homes and rehabilitation facilities.
Values are expressed as mean (sd), median (interquartile range), or n (%).