FIG 3.

Elevation of plasma cytokine levels in some individuals infected with P. vivax. (A) Principal-component analysis of levels of 13 different circulating cytokines measured by bead-based immunoassays. Each point represents the result for one child and is color-coded by infection status, including children coinfected with P. vivax and STH (red), children infected with P. vivax only (orange), children with STH alone (dark blue), and children who were not infected with either parasite (light blue). Ellipses show the areas covering 90% of the samples from each group. (B) The factors positively loading for PC1 reflect the amounts of variance shared by these parameters with the PC1 values. (C) Box plots of the four variables (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-4) most positively associated with PC1.