Table 3.
Comparisons of selected groups
| Urologists | Residents | p-value | University Hospital | Non- University Hospital | p-value | COVID-19 dedicated centers | Non-COVID-19 dedicated centers | p-value | |
| Age (median, IQR) | 52 (21) | 31 (4) | <.01 | 37 (22) | 45 (25) | .03 | 37.5 (20.5) | 44 (25) | .49 |
| Sex (% male) | 137 (87.3%) | 61 (84.7%) | .68 | 147 (86.5) | 51 (86.4) | .05 | 31 (86.1%) | 167 (86.5%) | 1 |
| How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted your everyday clinical practice? Highly Moderately Little Not at all |
120 (76.4%) 32 (20.4%) 4 (2.6%) 1 (0.6%) |
56 (77.8%) 13 (18.1%) 1 (1.4%) 2 (2.8%) |
.61 |
133 (78.2%) 30 (17.7%) 4 (2.4%) 3 (1.8%) |
43 (72.9%) 15 (25.4%) 1 (1.7%) 0 (0%) |
.52 |
31 (86.1%) 5 (13.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) |
145 (75.1%) 40 (20.7%) 5 (2.6%) 3 (1.6%) |
.66 |
| Does your main worksite provide sufficient PPE? Definitely yes Rather yes Rather no Definitely no Don’t know |
30 (19.1%) 87 (55.4%) 20 (12.7%) 12 (7.6%0 8 (5.1%) |
16 (22.2%) 27 (37.5%) 17 (23.6%) 9 (12.5%) 3 (4.2%) |
.07 |
13 (22%) 25 (42.4%) 9 (15.3%) 9 (15.3%) 3 (5.1%) |
33 (19.4%) 89 (52.4%) 28 (16.5%) 12 (7.1%) 8 (4.7%) |
.36 |
16 (44.4%) 15 (41.7%) 4 (11.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.8%) |
30 (15.5%) 99 (51.3%) 33 (17.1%) 21 (10.9%) 10 (5.6%) |
<.01 |
| Have you noticed that your colleagues show an increased level of anxiety, sadness or stress than usual during the pandemic? Definitely yes Rather yes Rather no Definitely no |
49 (31.2%) 78 (49.7%) 29 (18.5%) 1 (0.6%) |
29 (40.3%) 27 (37.5%) 14 (19.4%) 2 (2.8%) |
.17 |
13 (22%) 34 (57.6%) 11 (18.6%) 1 (1.2%) |
65 (38.2%) 71 (41.8%) 32 (18.8%) 2 (1.7%) |
.09 |
17 (47.2%) 17 (47.2%) 2 (5.6%) 0 (0%) |
61 (31.6%) 88 (45.6%) 41 (5.6%) 3 (1.6%) |
.07 |
| Have you noticed an increased feeling of anxiety, sadness or stress than usual? Definitely yes Rather yes Rather no Definitely no |
24 (15.3%) 65 (41.4%) 49 (31.2%) 19 (12.1%) |
15 (20.8%) 28 (38.9%) 22 (30.6%) 7 (9.7%) |
.76 |
8 (13.6%) 21 (35.6%) 21 (35.6%) 9 (15.3%) |
31 (18.2%) 72 (42.4%) 50 (29.4%) 17 (10%) |
.45 |
10 (27.8%) 14 (38.9%) 9 (25%) 3 (8.3%) |
29 (15%) 79 (40.9%) 62 (32.1%) 23 (11.9%) |
.33 |
| Has the access to PPE improved since the beginning of the pandemic ? Definitely yes Rather yes Rather no Definitely no Don’t know |
58 (36.9%) 65 (41.4%) 19 (12.1%) 4 (2.6%) 11 (7%) |
24 (33.3%) 33 (45.8%) 6 (8.3%) 1 (1.4%) 8 (11.1%) |
.72 |
26 (44.1%) 24 (40.7%) 2 (3.4%) 2 (3.4%) 5 (8.5%) |
56 (32.9%) 74 (43.5%) 23 (13.5%) 3 (1.8%) 14 (8.2%) |
.13 |
22 (61.1%) 9 (25%) 2 11.9%) 1 (2.8%) 2 (8.8%) |
60 (31.1%) 89 (46.1%) 23 (5.6%) 4 (2.1%) 17 (5.6%) |
.02 |
| Do you feel there is free and rapid access to the rapid genetic testing? Definitely yes Rather yes Rather no Definitely no Don’t know |
47 (29.9%) 44 (28%) 30 (19.1%) 19 (12.1%) 17 (10.8%) |
22 (30.6%) 23 (31.9%) 17 (23.6%) 7 (9.7%) 3 (4.2%) |
.49 |
25 (42. 4%) 20 (33.9%) 10 (17%) 4 (6.8%) 0 (0%) |
44 (25.9%) 47 (27.7%) 37 (21.8%) 22 (12.9%) 20 (11.8%) |
<.01 |
15 (41.7%) 11 (30.6%) 7 (19.4%) 2 (5.6%) 1 (2.8%) |
54 (28%) 56 (29%) 40 (20.7%) 24 (12.4%) 19 (9.8%) |
.35 |
| During the COVID-19 pandemic, your earnings: Have not changed or changed <10% 11–25% decrease 26–50% decrease >50% decrease >10% increased |
21 (13.4%) 40 (25.5%) 52 (33.1%) 42 (26.8%) 2 (1.3%) |
21 (29.2%) 14 (19.4%) 22 (30.6%) 12 (16.7%) 3 (4.2%) |
.02 |
14 (23.7%) 16 (27.1%) 25 (42.4%) 4 (6.8%) 0 (0%) |
28 (16.5%) 38 (22.4%) 49 (28.8%) 50 (29.4%) 5 (2.9%) |
<.01 |
4 (11.1%) 5 (13.9%) 11(30.6%) 13 (36.1%) 3 (8.33) |
38 (19.7%) 49( 25.4%) 63 (32.6%) 41 (21.2%) 2 (1%) |
.02 |
| Do you think that the COVID-19 pandemic indirectly affected your family relationships? Yes, highly Yes, moderately Yes, barely No |
33 (21%) 48 (30.6%) 40 (25.5%) 36 (22.9%) |
16 (22.2%) 18 (25%) 20 (27.8%) 18 (25%) |
.85 |
13 (22%) 18 (30.5%) 11 (18.6%) 17 (28.8%) |
36 (21.2%) 48 (28.2%) 49 (28.8%) 37 (21.8%) |
.42 |
9 (25%) 14 (38.9%) 6 (16.7%) 7 (19.4%) |
40 (20.7%) 52 (26.9%) 54 (28%) 47 (24.4%) |
.32 |
| How do you assess your risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Very high High Medium Low None |
7 (4.5%) 39 (24.8%) 87 (55.4%) 21 (13.4%) 3 (1.9%) |
3 (4.2%) 17 (23.6%) 43 (59.7%) 9 (12.5%) 0 (0%) |
.92 |
4 (6.8%) 10 (17%) 32 (54.2%) 13 (22%) 0 (0%) |
6 (3.5%) 46 (27.1%) 98 (57.7%) 17 (10%) 3 (1.8%) |
.07 |
3 (8.3%) 10 27.8%) 17 (47.2%) 6 (16.7%) 0 (05) |
7 (3.6%) 46 (23.8%) 113 (58.6%) 24 (12.4%) 3 (1.6%) |
.45 |
| Have you used telemedicine in outpatient clinics before the COVID-19 pandemic? No Yes, <10% visits Yes, 11–25% Yes, 26–50% visits Yes, >50% visits |
82 (52.2%) 28 (17.8%) 17 (10.8%) 13 (8.3%) 17 (10.8%) |
47 (65.3%) 13 (18.1%) 5 (6.9%) 0 (0%) 7 (9.7%) |
.05 |
30 (50.9%) 11 (18.6%) 6 (10.2%) 4 (6.8%) 8 (13.6%) |
99 (58.2%) 30 (17.7%) 16 (9.4%) 9 (5.3%) 16 (9.4%) |
.42 |
20 (55.6%) 7 (19.4%) 2 (5.6%) 2 (5.6%) 5 (13.9%) |
109 (56.5%) 34 (17.6%) 20 (10.4%) 11 (5.7%) 19 (9.8%) |
.86 |
| Do you use telemedicine now? No Yes, <10% visits Yes, 11–25% visits Yes, 26–50% visits Yes, >50% visits |
33 (21%) 42 (26.8%) 28 (17.8%) 13 (8.3%) 41 (26.1%) |
18 (25%) 15 (20.8%) 9 (12.5%) 10 (13.9%) 20 (27.8%) |
.48 |
41 (24.1%) 40 (23.5%) 27 (15.9%) 16 (9.4%) 46 (27.1%) |
10 (17%) 17 (28.8%) 10 (17%) 7 (11.9%) 15 (25.4%) |
.75 |
15 (41.7%) 6 (16.7%) 4 (11.1%) 3 (8.3%) 8 (22.2%) |
36 (18.7%) 51 (26.4%) 33 (17.1%) 20 (10.4%) 53 (27.5%) |
.08 |
| Would you like telemedicine to permanently replace some traditional advice in the future? Yes No |
52 (33.1%) 105 (66.9%) |
37 (51.4%) 35 (48.6%) |
.01 |
26 (44.1%) 33 (55.9%) |
63 (37.1%) 107 (62.9%) |
.36 |
9 (25%) 27 (75%) |
80 (41.5%) 113 (58.6%) |
.07 |
| On a scale of 1–5, how do you assess the potential course of COVID-19 (1 – mild, 5 – very severe): 5 4 3 2 1 |
8 (5.1%) 19 (12.1%) 63 (40.1%) 41 (26.1%) 26 (16.6%) |
1 (1.4%) 3 (4.2%) 17 (23.6%) 23 (31.9%) 28 (38.9%) |
<.01 |
1 (1.7%) 3 (5.1%) 19 (32.2%) 20 (33.9%) 16 (27.1%) |
8 (4.7%) 19 (11.2%) 61 (35.9%) 44 (25.9%) 38 (22.4%) |
.42 |
3 (8.3%) 3 (8.3%) 14 (38.9%) 8 (22.2%) 8 (22.2%) |
6 (3.1%) 19 (9.8%) 66 (34.2%) 56 (29%) 46 (23.8%) |
.06 |
| How many estimated fewer patients do you have on an outpatient basis compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic? No change, or change <10% 11–25% decrease 26–50% decrease >50% decrease >10% increase |
7 (4.5%) 14 (8.9%) 46 (29.3%) 89 (56.7%) 1 (0.64%) |
8 (11.1%) 6 (8.3%) 17 (23.6%) 40 (55.6%) 1 (1.4%) |
.33 |
4 (6.8%) 4 (6.8%) 22 (37.3%) 28 (47.5%) 1 (1.7%) |
.11 (6.5%) 16 (9.4%) 41 (24.1%) 101 (59.4%) 1 (0.6%) |
.25 |
2 (5.6%) 1 (2.8%) 6 (16.7%) 27 (75%) 0 (0%) |
13 (6.7%) 19 (9.8%) 57 (29.5%) 102 (52.9%) 2 (1%) |
.18 |
| Have you ever directly contacted a COVID-19 patient? Yes No |
30 (19.1%) 127 (80.9%) |
26 (36.1%) 46 (63.9%) |
<.01 |
15 (25.4%) 44 (74.6%) |
41 (24.1%) 129 (75.9%) |
.09 |
22 (61.1%) 14 (38.9%) |
34 (17.6%) 159 (82.4%) |
<.01 |