. 2020 Oct 15;25(20):4725. doi: 10.3390/molecules25204725

Table 2.

Overview of clinical studies performed by using FT-IR spectroscopy as a diagnosis tool in vivo in humans.

Methodology	Disease Type/Metabolite	Patient Number	Results			Reference
Methodology	Disease Type/Metabolite	Patient Number	Sensitivity	Specificity	Accuracy	Reference
Benchtop ATR	Breast Cancer	100	90	98	94	[40]
Miscroscope Trans-reflectance		20				[41]
Benchtop Transmission		86	76	72	80	[42]
Benchtop Trans-reflectance		196	Cluster analysis: 98	Cluster analysis: 95		[43]
Benchtop Trans-reflectance		196	ANN *: 92	ANN: 100		[43]
Microscope	Breast Cancer-ECM3 * gene	97	91	95		[44]
Benchtop ATR–FTIR	Skin Cancer	7				[45]
Benchtop	Cervical Precancer		100	95.2	97.4	[46]
Benchtop	Leukemia	34	83.3	79		[47]
Microscope	Leukemia	51				[48]
Microscope ATR	Colon Cancer	78	100	93.1	95.8	[49]
Benchtop ATR	Ovarian Cancer (blood tested)	30	100	100		[50]
Benchtop	Gastric Cancer (serum tested)	46	100	80		[51]
Microscope	Lung Cancer		99.3	94.4	96.8	[52]
Microscope Trans-reflectance	Lung Tumor (tissue tested)	112			97	[53]
Benchtop Transmittance	Bladder Cancer	136	100	58.8		[54]
Benchtop Reflectance	Bladder Cancer	136	90	80.9		[54]
Benchtop Transmission	Malignant Biliary Strictures	57	90	100		[55]
Benchtop	Invasive Ductal Carcinoma	229	91.7	100	95.7	[56]
Benchtop ATR	FM *	252	89.5	79	84.2	[57]
Microscope ATR	FM, OA , RA	41			100(SIMCA ); 75(RF )	[58]
Portable ATR	FM, RA, SLE *	70	no misclassified sample			[39]
Benchtop	Burning Mouth Syndrome (saliva tested)	28	Area under the ROC curve calculated as 0.75			[59]
Microscope	Human Papillomavirus	50	76.9	76.7		[60]

* ANN: Artificial Neural Networks, ECM3 gene: Extracellular Matrix Cluster 3, SIMCA: Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy, RF: Random Forest, FM: Fibromyalgia, OA: Osteoarthritis, RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis, SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.