Table 3.
Relative gene expression5 of cytokines, tight junction proteins in jejunal mucosa, plasma antioxidant enzymes of broiler chickens fed diets containing chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) concentration at 0 or 1 g/kg with or without dexamethasone (DEX).1,2
| Item | 0, g/kg COS |
1 g/kg COS |
SEM |
P-value3 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No-DEX | DEX | No-DEX | DEX | COS | DEX | COS × DEX | ||
| Jejunal mucosa | ||||||||
| IL-6 | 1.00 | 4.74 | 0.88 | 2.20 | 0.621 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| IL-8 | 1.00 | 0.72 | 3.80 | 1.31 | 0.753 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.15 |
| IL-10 | 1.00 | 7.27 | 2.91 | 3.04 | 1.504 | 0.44 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| Occludin | 1.00 | 0.90 | 3.37 | 2.11 | 0.551 | <0.01 | 0.23 | 0.30 |
| Claudin-1 | 1.00 | 0.47 | 3.10 | 2.55 | 0.585 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| TNF-α | 1.00 | 0.68 | 3.51 | 2.45 | 0.653 | <0.01 | 0.30 | 0.57 |
| MUC-2 | 1.00 | 1.53 | 0.59 | 1.38 | 0.332 | 0.40 | 0.05 | 0.70 |
| Antioxidant enzymes4 | ||||||||
| SOD, U/mL | 174.08 | 25.23 | 231.99 | 110.53 | 1.567 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| CAT, U/mL | 45.05 | 15.49 | 70.77 | 34.06 | 0.753 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| GPx, U/mL | 22.49 | 7.51 | 42.40 | 15.18 | 0.665 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
1
Data were least squares means of 8 replicate cages with 7 birds per cage.
2
P-value according to main effects of COS, DEX, and a COS × DEX interaction.
3
P-value according to main effects of COS, DEX, and a COS × DEX interaction.
4
CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; IL, interleukin; MUC2, mucin 2; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.
5
Relative gene expression (2−ΔΔCt) was calculated with Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as the endogenous control.