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. 2019 Dec 13;99(2):893–905. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.014

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Absorption, transport, and cellular myo-inositol metabolism in KEGG Gallus gallus pathway (Kanehisa et al., 2017, Kanehisa et al., 2019). MI is incorporated into the cell by 3 specific ways: (1) It is transported by SMIT1/2 or HMIT in the enterocyte and subsequently transported to target cells, (2) it is synthesized de novo from glucose metabolism, and (3) it is recycled from InsP phosphorylation. In the cytoplasm, free MI is utilized as osmolyte or transported to endoplasmic reticulum to be converted into PI to synthesize new PI(4,5)P2; however, MI-associated pathways have been not characterized clearly in poultry. Concentrations of free MI in chicken have been reported at intestine and blood plasma; however, cellular values in different tissues remain unknown. Abbreviations: BGT1, betaine cotransporter 1; CDP-DAG, cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol; CDS, CDP- diacylglycerol synthase; CMP, cytidine monophosphate; DAG, diacylglycerol; glucose-6-P, glucose-6-phosphate; DAGKs, diacylglycerol kinases; HK, hexokinase; HMIT, proton-linked myo-inositol transporter; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; Ins(3)P, inositol 3-phosphate; Ins(4)P, inositol-4-phosphate; Ins(1,4)P2, inositol (1,4)-bisphosphate; I(1,4,5)P3, inositol-(1,4,5)tris-phosphate; INPP5, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase; INPP1, the inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase; MI, myo-inositol; PA, phosphatidic acid; MIPS (ISYNA1), inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 isoform X1; Na+/K + -ATPase, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase; pH, potential of hydrogen; MTMR, myotubularin-related protein; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PIP, phosphatidylinositol phosphate; PI(3)P, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate; PI(5)P, 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate; PI(3,5)P2, 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate; PI(4,5)P2, phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)bisphosphate; PIP4K2, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2; PIS, phosphatidylinositol synthase; PITPs, phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins; PIK3 3C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X2; PIKfyve, 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase isoform X1; PLC, phospholipase C; SMIT1/2, sodium-linked myo-inositol transporter 1 and 2.