Table 7.

Effects and combinational effects of Bacillus subtilis (BS) and montmorillonite (MMT) on the intestinal mucosa gene expression of laying hens.^1,2,3

BS (cfu/kg)	0	5 × 108	0	5 × 108	Pooled SEM	P-value
MMT (g/kg)	0	0	0.5	0.5		BS	MMT	BS × MMT
Duodenum
Claudin-1	1.00	1.04	1.53	0.97	0.13	0.374	0.413	0.261
Occludin	1.00	0.96	1.12	1.09	0.08	0.842	0.461	0.981
ZO-1	1.00	1.00	1.07	0.95	0.08	0.722	0.945	0.743
TLR2	1.00	0.92	0.96	0.61	0.09	0.257	0.351	0.462
TLR4	1.00a	0.67a	1.02a	0.26b	0.09	<0.001	0.089	0.074
MyD88	1.00a	0.64b	0.73b	0.69b	0.04	0.011	0.144	0.041
NF-κB p65	1.00	0.94	0.96	0.90	0.07	0.707	0.787	0.987
IL-1β	1.00a	0.41c	0.75a,b	0.51b,c	0.07	<0.001	0.472	0.110
TNF-α	1.00	0.86	1.34	0.89	0.08	0.059	0.223	0.312
Jejunum
Claudin-1	1.00	0.82	0.85	0.90	0.09	0.733	0.844	0.569
Occludin	1.00a	0.55b	0.94a	1.23a	0.08	0.514	0.020	0.007
ZO-1	1.00	0.56	0.88	0.94	0.07	0.147	0.312	0.065
TLR2	1.00	0.76	0.55	0.78	0.09	0.987	0.288	0.231
TLR4	1.00a,b	0.66b,c	1.16a	0.39c	0.10	0.002	0.718	0.191
MyD88	1.00a	0.70b	0.66b	0.61b	0.05	0.031	0.010	0.097
NF-κB p65	1.00	0.52	0.81	0.68	0.07	0.030	0.906	0.198
IL-1β	1.00	0.77	0.73	0.96	0.09	0.993	0.814	0.231
TNF-α	1.00	0.92	1.19	0.79	0.06	0.025	0.754	0.131

^a–cMeans within a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05).

¹Means represent 6 replicates per treatment, with 1 hen per replicate.

²Expressed in arbitrary units. The mRNA level of each target gene for the treatment group fed with the basal diet was assigned a value of 1 and normalized against beta-actin.

³ZO-1: zonula occludens-1; TLR2: toll-like receptor 2; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; MyD88: myeloid differentiation factor 88; NF-κB P65: nuclear factor kappa B P65; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha.