Table 1.

Chemical compositions of the Tinospora cordifolia herb.

Type of chemical	Active principles and their distribution
Alkaloids	Tinosporin (L), tinosporic acid (L) (W), berberine (S), palmitine (S) (R), tembatarine (S) (R), mangoflorine (S) (R), choline (S) (R), tinosporin (S) (R), isocolumbin (R), tetrahydropalmatine (R).
Glycosides	18 Nonderodane glycoside (S), furanoid diterpene glycoside (S), tinocordiside (S), tinocordifoliside (S), cordioside (S), cordifolioside A, B, C, D (S), syringin (S), syringinapiosylglycoside (S), palmatosides C and P (S), cordifoliside A, B, C, D, E (S).
Diterpenoid lactones	Diterpenoid (S), tinosporon columbin (S), clerodane derivatives (W), tinosporon (W), tinosporisides (W), jateorine (W), columbin (W), tinosporal, tinosporide.
Steroids	Sitosterol (S) (O), octacosanol (S), heptacosanol (S), nonacosan-15-one (S), tetrahydrofuran (S), hydroxyecdysone (S) (O), makisterone A (S), giloinsterol (S), ecdysterone (S)
Sesquiterpenoids	einocordifolin (S)
Miscellaneous compounds	Jatrorrhizine (R), tinosporidin (W), cordifol (W), cordifelone (W), giloin (W), giloinin (W), arabinogalactan (S)

The letters in brackets indicate the part of the plant from which the chemical constituent has been isolated. S, stem; L, leaf; R, root; W, whole plant; O, other aerial parts.