Table 2.
Some beneficial applications of the Tinospora cordifolia herb.
| Activities | Modes of action | References |
|---|---|---|
| Cardioprotective activity | Modulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting cholesterol and glucuronides | Kumari et al., 2016 |
| Immunomodulatory activity | Stimulation of a non-specific immune response | Alexander et al., 2010 |
| Hepatoprotective activity | Modulates the activity and synthesis of certain enzymes, including AGPT, AST, and ALP | Kavitha et al., 2011 |
| Neuroprotective activity | Increases the levels of pAkt-1 and CamKII-α | Mishra et al., 2016 |
| Anti-inflammatory activity | Downregulates proinflammatory cytokines | Sannegowda et al., 2015 |
| Antidiabetic activity | Lowers hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities | Stanely and Menon, 2003 |
| Hypolipidemic activity | Reduces the blood lipid concentration | Stanely et al., 1999 |
| Antitumor | Modulates lipid peroxidation through the release of LDH and a reduction in GST | Jagetia and Rao, 2006 |
Abbreviations: AGPT, agal gel precipitation test; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; LDH, lactic acid dehydrogenase.