Table 2.
Mean values (±standard error) of fatty acid profile (% of the total fatty acids) of subcutaneous goose fat packed in different atmospheres and stored at 4°C for up to 11 D.
| Fatty acids | Packaging atmosphere | Storage time1 (d) |
Significance effects |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 11 | PA | ST | PA ×ST | ||
| SFA | |||||||||
| MA | 28.80 ± 0.31a | 29.34 ± 0.05a | 30.53 ± 0.10b,x | 31.16 ± 0.02c,x | 31.56 ± 0.10c,x | *** | *** | *** | |
| Vacuum | 28.80 ± 0.31 | 28.86 ± 0.13 | 28.86 ± 0.08y | 28.85 ± 0.08y | 28.85 ± 0.12y | ||||
| C 12:0 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 0.21 ± 0.005a | 0.24 ± 0.002a | 0.27 ± 0.004b,x | 0.31 ± 0.006c,x | 0.37 ± 0.008d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.21 ± 0.005 | 0.22 ± 0.007 | 0.21 ± 0.005y | 0.23 ± 0.006y | 0.22 ± 0.008y | ||||
| C 14:0 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 0.67 ± 0.005a | 0.81 ± 0.007b,x | 0.89 ± 0.009c,x | 1.06 ± 0.009d,x | 1.16 ± 0.01e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.67 ± 0.005 | 0.69 ± 0.004y | 0.71 ± 0.008y | 0.70 ± 0.008y | 0.70 ± 0.009y | ||||
| C 15:0 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 0.32 ± 0.006a | 0.35 ± 0.006a | 0.45 ± 0.009b,x | 0.48 ± 0.007c,x | 0.55 ± 0.01d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.32 ± 0.006 | 0.33 ± 0.009 | 0.33 ± 0.009y | 0.32 ± 0.009y | 0.31 ± 0.008y | ||||
| C 16:0 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 22.20 ± 0.11a | 22.43 ± 0.01a | 23.20 ± 0.09b,x | 23.50 ± 0.03b,c,x | 23.62 ± 0.08c,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 22.20 ± 0.11 | 22.24 ± 0.09 | 22.21 ± 0.07y | 22.23 ± 0.09y | 22.20 ± 0.09y | ||||
| C 17:0 | ns | ns | ns | ||||||
| MA | 0.11 ± 0.004 | 0.12 ± 0.006 | 0.11 ± 0.000 | 0.11 ± 0.000 | 0.11 ± 0.003 | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.11 ± 0.004 | 0.10 ± 0.004 | 0.12 ± 0.008 | 0.10 ± 0.007 | 0.11 ± 0.009 | ||||
| C 18:0 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 5.29 ± 0.01a | 5.41 ± 0.01b,x | 5.62 ± 0.009b,x | 5.71 ± 0.01b,x | 5.76 ± 0.01d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 5.29 ± 0.01 | 5.27 ± 0.01y | 5.29 ± 0.01y | 5.28 ± 0.01y | 5.31 ± 0.01y | ||||
| MUFA | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 50.41 ± 0.29a | 51.33 ± 0.24a,b,x | 51.95 ± 0.07b,x | 53.00 ± 0.03c,x | 53.99 ± 0.06d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 50.41 ± 0.29 | 50.62 ± 0.08y | 50.50 ± 0.19y | 50.93 ± 0.15y | 50.75 ± 0.13y | ||||
| C 16:1 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 3.39 ± 0.11a | 3.78 ± 0.06b,x | 4.14 ± 0.08c,x | 4.39 ± 0.07c,d,x | 4.60 ± 0.05d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 3.39 ± 0.11 | 3.41 ± 0.11y | 3.45 ± 0.06y | 3.47 ± 0.07y | 3.39 ± 0.07y | ||||
| C 17:1 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 0.05 ± 0.000a | 0.06 ± 0.000b,x | 0.07 ± 0.000b,x | 0.08 ± 0.000c,x | 0.09 ± 0.000d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.05 ± 0.000 | 0.05 ± 0.000y | 0.05 ± 0.000y | 0.05 ± 0.000y | 0.05 ± 0.000y | ||||
| C 18:1 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 46.8 ± 0.18a | 47.32 ± 0.19a,b | 47.52 ± 0.02b,x | 48.62 ± 0.08c,x | 49.04 ± 0.02d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 46.8 ± 0.18 | 46.99 ± 0.08 | 46.83 ± 0.13y | 47.23 ± 0.13y | 47.14 ± 0.16y | ||||
| C 20:1 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 0.17 ± 0.000a | 0.19 ± 0.000b,x | 0.22 ± 0.000c,x | 0.25 ± 0.001d,x | 0.25 ± 0.001d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.17 ± 0.000 | 0.17 ± 0.000 | 0.17 ± 0.000 | 0.17 ± 0.000y | 0.17 ± 0.000y | ||||
| PUFA | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 19.34 ± 0.42a | 18.20 ± 0.20b,x | 17.03 ± 0.19c,x | 15.50 ± 0.18d,x | 13.72 ± 0.31e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 19.34 ± 0.42 | 19.28 ± 0.23y | 19.60 ± 0.21y | 19.15 ± 0.22y | 19.28 ± 0.21y | ||||
| C 18:2n-6 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 17.32 ± 0.19a | 16.45 ± 0.17b,x | 15.53 ± 0.17c,x | 14.22 ± 0.14d,x | 12.61 ± 0.20e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 17.32 ± 0.19 | 17.40 ± 0.11y | 17.40 ± 0.09y | 17.48 ± 0.20y | 17.29 ± 0.18y | ||||
| C 18:3n-3 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 1.56 ± 0.02a | 1.41 ± 0.03b,x | 1.23 ± 0.02c,x | 0.83 ± 0.03d,x | 0.80 ± 0.03e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 1.56 ± 0.02 | 1.53 ± 0.02y | 1.54 ± 0.02y | 1.49 ± 0.02y | 1.53 ± 0.02y | ||||
| C 20:4n-6 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 0.28 ± 0.000a | 0.21 ± 0.000b,x | 0.17 ± 0.000c,x | 0.16 ± 0.000d,x | 0.09 ± 0.000e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.28 ± 0.000 | 0.30 ± 0.000y | 0.30 ± 0.000y | 0.29 ± 0.000y | 0.30 ± 0.000y | ||||
| C 20:5n-3 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 0.18 ± 0.000a | 0.13 ± 0.000b,x | 0.11 ± 0.000c,x | 0.07 ± 0.000d,x | 0.04 ± 0.000e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.18 ± 0.000 | 0.18 ± 0.000y | 0.19 ± 0.000y | 0.18 ± 0.000y | 0.18 ± 0.000y | ||||
| Σ UFA | *** | ns | ** | ||||||
| MA | 69.75 ± 0.26a | 69.53 ± 0.44a,b | 68.99 ± 0.25a,b | 68.50 ± 0.14b,c,x | 67.72 ± 0.40c,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 69.75 ± 0.26 | 69.90 ± 0.30 | 70.10 ± 0.40 | 70.08 ± 0.35y | 70.03 ± 0.39y | ||||
| PUFA/SFA | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 0.67 ± 0.01a | 0.62 ± 0.007b,x | 0.56 ± 0.007c,x | 0.50 ± 0.005d,x | 0.43 ± 0.01e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 0.67 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.007y | 0.68 ± 0.007y | 0.66 ± 0.006y | 0.67 ± 0.01y | ||||
| n-6 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 17.6 ± 0.35a | 16.66 ± 0.17b,x | 15.70 ± 0.17c,x | 14.38 ± 0.14d,x | 12.69 ± 0.20e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 17.6 ± 0.35 | 17.62 ± 0.21y | 17.83 ± 0.19y | 17.50 ± 0.21y | 17.52 ± 0.18y | ||||
| n-3 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 1.74 ± 0.08a | 1.55 ± 0.03b | 1.34 ± 0.02c,x | 1.12 ± 0.03d,x | 0.83 ± 0.04e,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 1.74 ± 0.08 | 1.66 ± 0.02 | 1.76 ± 0.02y | 1.66 ± 0.02y | 1.76 ± 0.02y | ||||
| n-6/n-3 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| MA | 10.11 ± 0.28a | 10.79 ± 0.14a | 11.75 ± 0.19b,x | 12.92 ± 0.28c,x | 15.36 ± 0.50d,x | ||||
| Vacuum | 10.11 ± 0.28 | 10.62 ± 0.12 | 10.11 ± 0.07y | 10.54 ± 0.13y | 9.95 ± 0.07y | ||||
1
The data are average values of 50 tests for storage time 0; 25 tests for storage time 4, 7, 9, 11 D.
a–e
Means with different letters in the same row, differ at P < 0.05 in view of the time of storage.
x,y
Means with different letters in the same column, differ at P < 0.05 in view of the packaging atmosphere.
Significance effects: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns—not significant.
PA: packaging atmosphere, ST: storage time, MA: modified atmosphere, 80% O2 and 20% CO2; SFA: saturated fatty acid, UFA: unsaturated fatty acid, MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid.