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. 2020 Jan 22;99(3):1663–1677. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.028

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effects of oral administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) on hepatic inflammation in hens. (A and B) Micrographs showing the histology of the livers of hens treated with water (A; control group) and DSS (B; DSS group). Leukocytes were mainly localized around the veins and arteria in the liver in the DSS group (arrows). Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Scale bars = 50 μm. Effects of oral administration of DSS on the mRNA expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (C). Open bars are the control group, and orange filled bars are the DSS group. Values are the fold change in the target gene expression compared to that in a standard sample from the control group (n = 8). Target gene expression is normalized to the house-keeping gene RPS17. Asterisks (*, **) indicate significant difference between the control and DSS groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).