. 2019 Dec 30;99(1):471–478. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez538

Table 4.

Effects of dietary treatments on ileum morphology.

	Dietary treatment¹									Effects of RC²		Effects of FC³
Items	CON	RC1	RC2	RC4	FC1	FC2	FC4	SEM	P	L	Q	L	Q
VH, μm	2,211^a,b	2,462^a	2,375^a	1,836^c	2,276^a	2,461^a	1,867^b,c	51.8	***	*	**	NS	*
CD, μm	143.9	166.9	166.9	163.5	115.8	173.3	163.0	4.96	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
VH:CD, μm:μm	16.0^b	15.5^b,c	15.0^b,c	11.5^c	20.9^a	15.5^b,c	12.6^b,c	0.57	**	*	NS	*	*

^a–c

Means in the same row that do not share a common superscript are significantly different (P < 0.05). VH = villus height, CD = crypt depth, VH:CD = villus height to crypt depth ratio, RC = raw sour cherry kernel, FC = fermented sour cherry kernel, L = Linear, Q = Quadratic, * = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01, *** = P < 0.001.

CON = basal diet, RC1, RC2, and RC4 = basal diet containing 1, 2, and 4% raw sour cherry kernel, respectively, FC1, FC2, and FC4 = basal diet containing 1, 2, and 4% fermented sour cherry kernel, respectively.

^2,3

Orthogonal polynomials were used to determine linear and quadratic effect of raw and fermented sour cherry kernel.