Table 1.

Relationship between miRNA and Cytokines Related to Kupffer Cells

miRNAs	Cytokines	Function	References
miR-155, miR-125b, miR-146a	TNF-α∗	Positive regulation on the release of TNF-α and mRNA stabilization; miR-125b acts as a post-transcriptional repressor of TNF-α; miR-146a acts as a negative regulator	48, 49, 50
miR-146a	IL-6∗	Suppresses IL-6 production, targeting IRAK1, IRAK2, and TRAF6 during LPS tolerance	51
miR-16, miR-142-3p, miR-223, miR-365	IL-6∗	Reduction of endotoxin-induced mortality by restricting TLR signaling through a feedback mechanism.	52, 53, 54
miR-146a	IL-1β∗	Suppresses IL-1β production, targeting IRAK1, IRAK2, and TRAF6 during LPS tolerance	55
miR-223	IL-1β	Involved in inflammatory response of Kupffer cells by regulating the production of IL-1β during acute liver failure†	56
miR-155	IL-10	IL-10 acts, inhibiting Ets2 mRNA and protein, both basally and in response to LPS stimulation	57

IRAK, IL-1R–associated kinase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TLR, toll-like receptor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TRAF, TNF receptor associated factor.

^∗TLR is the principal target.

^†Need further research. Different studies not related with alcoholic liver injury.