Effect of hyperglycaemia on NADPH oxidase expression and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in myocardial tissue. (A) In the STZ group, up-regulation of NADPH oxidase was associated with higher detection of superoxide anion, compared with the NPD group. On the left, quantification of NADPH expression related to immunohistochemistry analysis and representative confocal images showing MitoSOX™ staining. Red fluorescence indicates the formation of superoxide anion. (B) SOD activity in mitochondrial fraction remained unchanged between the two groups. The data are presented as mean ± SEM. *** p < 0.001 vs. NPD, Mann–Whitney test, n = 6/group.