Table I.

Youth Demographic and Medical Information at Time 1

	Youth (N = 140) M (SD) or N (%)
Gender: female	76 (54.3%)
Age	11.43 (2.46)
Race
Caucasian	78 (55.7%)
African-American/Black	21 (15.0%)
Hispanic	34 (24.3%)
Other	7 (5.5%)
Family Hollingshead SES	39.12 (16.09)
IQ	85.75 (19.54)
Spina bifida type
Myelomeningocele	122 (87.1%)
Non-myelomeningocele	17 (12.1%)
Not sure/not reported	1 (0.7%)
Lesion level
Thoracic	23 (16.4%)
Lumbar	69 (49.3%)
Sacral	41 (29.3%)
Unknown/not reported	7 (5.0%)
Shunt: present	109 (77.9%)